From:  Advances in 3D printing for dentistry: clinical applications and future perspectives

 Comparative table of 3D printing materials properties.

MaterialMechanical propertiesBiocompatibilityLong-term performanceReference(s)
Ceramics

  • High strength, corrosion resistance, and temperature resistance

  • Enhanced mechanical properties with nanofillers

  • Good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity

  • High cell viability and proliferation

  • Challenges with brittleness

  • Suitable for load-bearing bio-implants

[64]
Metals

  • Superior mechanical properties

  • High strength and durability

  • Excellent biocompatibility, especially with titanium alloys

  • High performance in orthopedic and dental applications

[67]
Resins

  • Improved mechanical properties with additives (e.g., CNCs, AgNPs)

  • Varying properties based on resin type and post-curing time

  • Biocompatibility varies; some resins achieve high cell viability

  • Long-term performance is influenced by storage time and water absorption

[66, 67, 72, 73]
Polymers

  • Mechanical properties influenced by printing conditions

  • Degradation under thermal environments

  • Biocompatibility varies; some polymers, like PHB, are highly biocompatible

  • Long-term performance is affected by thermal stability and moisture sensitivity

[66, 67, 72]
Composites

  • High strength, stiffness, and ductility with nanofillers

  • Improved integrity with carbon nanoparticles

  • High biocompatibility, especially with ceramic additives

  • Suitable for biomedical applications

  • Stability is critical in high-end applications

  • Long-term performance is influenced by defect elimination

[69, 74, 75]
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AgNPs: silver nanoparticles; CNCs: cellulose nanocrystals; 3D: three-dimensional.