Exploration of Medicine

Table 7. Latency-promoting agents.

Mechanism	Compound	Remarks	Reference(s)
Tat inhibitors	Levosimendan	Marketed as a Ca sensitizer (Simdax) for heart failure	[151]
	Didehydro-cortistatin A (dCA)	Locks a transient conformer of Tat	[152–154]
	Spironolactone	Approved as a diuretic Shuts off the Tat-dependent transcription	[155]
	Triptolide	Accelerates Tat protein degradation NCT01817283, NCT03403569, NCT02002286, NCT02219672	[156]
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Ponatinib	Akt-mTOR inhibitor Chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia	[157]
HSP90 inhibitors	AUY922	Cancer research	[158]
HSP90 inhibitors	17-AAG	Cancer research	[159]
JAK-STAT inhibitors	Ruxolitinib	JAK1/2 inhibitor Approved for rheumatoid arthritis, GVHD NCT02475655	[160]
JAK-STAT inhibitors	Tofacitinib	JAK1/2 inhibitor Approved for rheumatoid arthritis	[161]
siRNA	PromA	Induces transcriptional gene silencing by disrupting the regulation of chromatin structure	[162–164]
	LTR-362	Targets the tandem NF-κB sites in the HIV-1 promoter	[165]
	S4-siRNA	Targets the unique NF-κB binding sequences in HIV-1 subtype C	[130]
FACT	Curaxin 100 (CBL0100)	Blocks HIV-1 replication and reactivation	[166]
LEDGINs	CX05045	Reduces HIV-1 integration, shifts integration towards the inner nucleus, and retargets the provirus away from H3K36me2/3	[167]

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Tat: trans-activator of transcription; Akt-mTOR: protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin; HSP90: heat shock protein 90; JAK-STAT: Janus activating kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription; siRNA: small interfering RNA; GVHD: graft versus host disease; FACT: facilitates chromatin transcription complex; LEDGINs: lens epithelium-derived growth factors.

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WK: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. The author read and approved the submitted version.

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