Key studies reporting outcomes of TECAB.
| Study (year) | Country | Design | Study period | TECAB (n) | Early complications | Late complications | Conversion to open surgery (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mohr et al. [10] (2001) | Germany | Retrospective cohort | 2000 | 27 | NR | Graft failure (3.7%), respiratory failure (3.7%) | 6 (22.2%) |
| Dogan et al. [11] (2002) | Germany | Retrospective cohort | 1999–2002 | 62 | Bleeding (6.4%), graft failure (3.2%), CVA (1.6%), AF (4.8%) | NR | 16 (25.8%) |
| de Cannière et al. [12] (2007) | Belgium, Germany | Retrospective cohort | 1998–2002 | 228 | MI (0.9%) | NR | 64 (28.1%) |
| Kappert et al. [13] (2008) | Germany | Retrospective cohort | 1999–2001 | 41 | NR | MI (4.9%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Argenziano et al. [14] (2006) | USA, Austria | RCT | 2002–2004 | 85 | Graft failure (1.2%) | NR | 5 (5.9%) |
| Mishra et al. [15] (2006) | India | Retrospective cohort | 2002–2005 | 13 | Bleeding (7.7%) | Graft failure (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Srivastava et al. [16] (2010) | USA | Retrospective cohort | 2004–2007 | 214 | NR | NR | 17 (7.9%) |
| Balkhy et al. [17] (2011) | USA | Retrospective cohort | 2008–2010 | 120 | MI (0.8%), CVA (0.8%), bleeding (1.6%), pericardial effusion (0.8%) and pleural effusion (1.6%) | Graft failure (4.1%) | 3 (2.5%) |
| Jegaden et al. [18] (2011) | France | Retrospective cohort | 1998–2008 | 59 | Bleeding (8.5%), MI (3.3%) | Recurrent angina (13.5%), graft failure (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Dhawan et al. [19] (2012) | USA | Retrospective cohort | 2007–2009 | 106 | AKI (7.5%), CVA (1.9%) | NR | 12 (11.3%) |
| Srivastava et al. [20] (2012) | USA | Retrospective cohort | 2008–2009 | 164 | CVA (0.6%), cardiac death (0.6%) | RCA dissection (0.6%), graft failure (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Wiedemann et al. [21] (2013) | USA, Austria | Retrospective cohort | 2001–2011 | 500 | NR | NR | 63 (12.6%) |
| Zaouter et al. [22] (2015) | France | Retrospective cohort | 2011–2014 | 38 | AF (18.4%) | NR | 1 (2.6%) |
| Efendiev et al. [23] (2015) | Russia | Prospective cohort | 2012–2015 | 50 | NR | NR | 0 (0.0%) |
| Pasrija et al. [24] (2018) | USA | Retrospective cohort | 2011–2014 | 50 | Respiratory failure (2%) | NR | 2 (4.0%) |
| Cheng et al. [25] (2021) | China | Retrospective cohort | 2007–2017 | 126 | Graft failure (0.7%), bleeding (0.7%) | CVA (2.3%), graft failure (2.3%) | 1 (0.8%) |
| Balkhy et al. [26] (2022) | USA | Retrospective cohort | 2013–2020 | 544 | AF (13%), AKI (2.9%), CVA (0.2%), MI (0.2%), bleeding (1.1%) | MI (2.2%) | 1 (0.2%) |
| Claessens et al. [27] (2022) | Belgium | Retrospective cohort | 2016–2018 | 244 | Cardiac death (1.4%), MI (0.6%), CVA (0.8%) | Cardiac death (3.4%), MI (2.6%), CVA (0.0%) | 5 (2.0%) |
TECAB: totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; AF: atrial fibrillation; NR: not reported; MI: myocardial infarction; RCT: randomized controlled trial; AKI: acute kidney injury; RCA: right coronary artery.
SGR: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. The author read and approved the submitted version.
Shahzad G. Raja, who is the Editorial Board Member of Exploration of Medicine, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript.
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