This work was performed at the genetic diagnosis laboratory of the Islamic University of Gaza.
Author contributions
FAS: Supervision, Conceptualization, Writing—original draft. MMA and MJA: Resources, Supervision. HNA: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing. MAH: Investigation, Writing—original draft. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was ethically approved by the Ethical Research Committee at the Islamic University of Gaza (App. ID 28-2022). This study has complied with the Declaration of Helsinki besides approved by the ethics committee.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participation in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
References
Shah KM, Gamit KG, Raval MA, Vyas NY. Male infertility: A scoping review of prevalence, causes and treatments.Asian Pac J Reprod. 2021;10:195–202. [DOI]
Kumar N, Singh AK. Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: A review of literature.J Hum Reprod Sci. 2015;8:191–6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Minhas S, Bettocchi C, Boeri L, Capogrosso P, Carvalho J, Cilesiz NC, et al.; EAU Working Group on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: 2021 Update on Male Infertility.Eur Urol. 2021;80:603–20. [DOI] [PubMed]
Yang R, Hui L. Polymorphisms of DNA damage repair genes and male infertility: Advances in researches.Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2021;27:456–60. Chinese. [PubMed]
Küchler EC, Hannegraf ND, Lara RM, Reis CLB, Oliveira DSB, Mazzi-Chaves JF, et al. Investigation of Genetic Polymorphisms in BMP2, BMP4, SMAD6, and RUNX2 and Persistent Apical Periodontitis.J Endod. 2021;47:278–85. [DOI] [PubMed]
Sharif FA, Ashour MJ, Abuwarda HN, Ismail S, Salem N, Suleiman R, et al. Antioxidant Genes Variants and Their Association with Sperm DNA Fragmentation.Biochem Genet. 2024;62:4303–16. [DOI] [PubMed]
Al-fahham AA, Al-Nowainy HQ. Association between sperm chromatin status and macroscopic sperm parameters in human.J Kerbala Univ. 2015;13:185–92.
Agarwal A, Bui AD. Oxidation-reduction potential as a new marker for oxidative stress: Correlation to male infertility.Investig Clin Urol. 2017;58:385–99. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Campos LGA, Requejo LC, Miñano CAR, Orrego JD, Loyaga EC, Cornejo LG. Correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation index and semen parameters in 418 men seen at a fertility center.JBRA Assist Reprod. 2021;25:349–57. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Lu J, Jing J, Chen L, Ge Y, Feng R, Liang Y, et al. Analysis of human sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) related factors: a report of 1010 subfertile men in China.Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018;16:23. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Aitken RJ, Iuliis GND. Origins and consequences of DNA damage in male germ cells.Reprod Biomed Online. 2007;14:727–33. [DOI] [PubMed]
Alahmar AT. Role of Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility: An Updated Review.J Hum Reprod Sci. 2019;12:4–18. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Kruger TF, Acosta AA, Simmons KF, Swanson RJ, Matta JF, Oehninger S. Predictive value of abnormal sperm morphology in in vitro fertilization.Fertil Steril. 1988;49:112–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Aitken RJ, Iuliis GND. On the possible origins of DNA damage in human spermatozoa.Mol Hum Reprod. 2010;16:3–13. [DOI] [PubMed]
Chua SC, Yovich SJ, Hinchliffe PM, Yovich JL. How Well Do Semen Analysis Parameters Correlate with Sperm DNA Fragmentation? A Retrospective Study from 2567 Semen Samples Analyzed by the Halosperm Test.J Pers Med. 2023;13:518. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Zhang F, Li J, Liang Z, Wu J, Li L, Chen C, et al. Sperm DNA fragmentation and male fertility: a retrospective study of 5114 men attending a reproductive center.J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021;38:1133–41. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Gu A, Ji G, Liang J, Xia Y, Lu N, Wu B, et al. DNA repair gene XRCC1 and XPD polymorphisms and the risk of idiopathic azoospermia in a Chinese population.Int J Mol Med. 2007;20:743–7. [PubMed]
Saadat M, Ansari-Lari M. Polymorphism of XRCC1 (at codon 399) and susceptibility to breast cancer, a meta-analysis of the literatures.Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;115:137–44. [DOI] [PubMed]
Garcia-Rodriguez A, de la Casa M, Serrano M, Gosálvez J, Roy Barcelona R. Impact of polymorphism in DNA repair genes OGG1 and XRCC1 on seminal parameters and human male infertility.Andrologia. 2018;50:e13115. [DOI] [PubMed]
Zheng L, Wang X, Zhou D, Zhang J, Huo Y, Tian H. Association between XRCC1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and infertility with idiopathic azoospermia in northern Chinese Han males.Reprod Biomed Online. 2012;25:402–7. [DOI] [PubMed]
Smith TB, Dun MD, Smith ND, Curry BJ, Connaughton HS, Aitken RJ. The presence of a truncated base excision repair pathway in human spermatozoa that is mediated by OGG1.J Cell Sci. 2013;126:1488–97. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffetta P. Genetic polymorphisms in the base excision repair pathway and cancer risk: a HuGE review.Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162:925–42. [DOI] [PubMed]
Smart DJ, Chipman JK, Hodges NJ. Activity of OGG1 variants in the repair of pro-oxidant-induced 8-oxo-2ʼ-deoxyguanosine.DNA Repair (Amst). 2006;5:1337–45. [DOI] [PubMed]
Ji G, Yan L, Liu W, Qu J, Gu A. OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism interacts with cigarette smoking to increase oxidative DNA damage in human sperm and the risk of male infertility.Toxicol Lett. 2013;218:144–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Bennett RA, Wilson DM 3rd, Wong D, Demple B. Interaction of human apurinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta in the base excision repair pathway.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94:7166–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Ahmed MM. Association Between APE1 Gene and Lung Cancer in Iraqi Population.Wiad Lek. 2021;74:2255–8. [PubMed]
Cao Q, Qin C, Meng X, Ju X, Ding Q, Wang M, et al. Genetic polymorphisms in APE1 are associated with renal cell carcinoma risk in a Chinese population.Mol Carcinog. 2011;50:863–70. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hsu CM, Chang WS, Hwang JJ, Wang JY, Hsiao YL, Tsai CW, et al. The role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease DNA repair gene in endometriosis.Cancer Genomics Proteomics. 2014;11:295–301. [PubMed]
Kasahara M, Osawa K, Yoshida K, Miyaishi A, Osawa Y, Inoue N, et al. Association of MUTYH Gln324His and APEX1 Asp148Glu with colorectal cancer and smoking in a Japanese population.J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2008;27:49. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Li X, Wu Q, Zhou B, Liu Y, Lv J, Chang Q, et al. Umbrella Review on Associations Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk.Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8:687105. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Saad AM, Abdel-Megied AES, Elbaz RA, El-Nabi SEH, Elshazli RM. Genetic variants of APEX1 p.Asp148Glu and XRCC1 p.Gln399Arg with the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma.J Med Virol. 2021;93:6278–91. [DOI] [PubMed]
Usategui-Martín R, Gutiérrez-Cerrajero C, Jiménez-Vázquez S, Calero-Paniagua I, García-Aparicio J, Corral-Gudino L, et al. Polymorphisms in genes implicated in base excision repair (BER) pathway are associated with susceptibility to Pagetʼs disease of bone.Bone. 2018;112:19–23. [DOI] [PubMed]
Zhu J, Jia W, Wu C, Fu W, Xia H, Liu G, et al. Base Excision Repair Gene Polymorphisms and Wilms Tumor Susceptibility.EBioMedicine. 2018;33:88–93. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Rupasree Y, Naushad SM, Varshaa R, Mahalakshmi GS, Kumaraswami K, Rajasekhar L, et al. Application of Various Statistical Models to Explore Gene-Gene Interactions in Folate, Xenobiotic, Toll-Like Receptor and STAT4 Pathways that Modulate Susceptibility to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Mol Diagn Ther. 2016;20:83–95. [DOI] [PubMed]
