AH: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MK: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. Both authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
Both authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013). Ethical approval was granted by the Scientific Research Council at Tishreen University, Latakia, Syrian Arab Republic (Approval #2027; December 1, 2024).
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the participant.
Consent to publication
Informed consent to publication was obtained from the relevant participant.
Availability of data and materials
The dataset used during the study is available from the corresponding author upon request.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
References
Wolcott J, Ishley D, Kennedy W, Johnson S, Minnich S, Meyers J. A 5 yr clinical investigation of second mesiobuccal canals in endodontically treated and retreated maxillary molars.J Endod. 2005;31:262–4. [DOI] [PubMed]
Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58:589–99. [DOI] [PubMed]
Fabra-Campos H. Three canals in the mesial root of mandibular first permanent molars: a clinical study.Int Endod J. 1989;22:39–43. [DOI] [PubMed]
Cheung GS. Endodontic failures--changing the approach.Int Dent J. 1996;46:131–8. [PubMed]
Hoen MM, Pink FE. Contemporary endodontic retreatments: an analysis based on clinical treatment findings.J Endod. 2002;28:834–6. [DOI] [PubMed]
Nair PNR. Pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of endodontic failures.Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15:348–81. [DOI] [PubMed]
Vertucci FJ, Haddix JE. Tooth morphology and access cavity preparation.In: Cohen’s Pathways of the Pulp. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2011. pp. 136–222.
Pomeranz HH, Eidelman DL, Goldberg MG. Treatment considerations of the middle mesial canal of mandibular first and second molars.J Endod. 1981;7:565–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Wasti F, Shearer AC, Wilson NH. Root canal systems of the mandibular and maxillary first permanent molar teeth of south Asian Pakistanis.Int Endod J. 2001;34:263–6. [DOI] [PubMed]
Calişkan MK, Pehlivan Y, Sepetçioğlu F, Türkün M, Tuncer SS. Root canal morphology of human permanent teeth in a Turkish population.J Endod. 1995;21:200–4. [DOI] [PubMed]
Gulabivala K, Aung TH, Alavi A, Ng YL. Root and canal morphology of Burmese mandibular molars.Int Endod J. 2001;34:359–70. [DOI] [PubMed]
Goel NK, Gill KS, Taneja JR. Study of root canals configuration in mandibular first permanent molar.J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 1991;8:12–4. [PubMed]
Mokbel N, Kassir AR, Naaman N, Megarbane J. Root Resection and Hemisection Revisited. Part I: A Systematic Review.Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2019;39:e11–31. [DOI] [PubMed]
Jr JFS, Rôças IN. Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures.J Endod. 2008;34:1291–301. [DOI] [PubMed]
Reeh ES. Seven canals in a lower first molar.J Endod. 1998;24:497–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Aminsobhani M, Shokouhinejad N, Ghabraei S, Bolhari B, Ghorbanzadeh A. Retreatment of a 6-canalled mandibular first molar with four mesial canals: a case report.Iran Endod J. 2010;5:138–40. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Martins JNR, Anderson C. Endodontic treatment of the mandibular first molar with six roots canals - two case reports and literature review.J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9:ZD06–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Vineet A, Sonali K, Dhwani B. Rare case of a mandibular first molar with seven canals confirmed by cone beam computed tomography and its endodontic management.Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2018;12:91–3. [PubMed] [PMC]
Liu M, Zhang Y, Sun P, Qiao Y, Pan K. Endodontic treatment of the mandibular first molar with six root canals: A case report and literature review.Exp Ther Med. 2022;24:760. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Kontakiotis EG, Tzanetakis GN. Four canals in the mesial root of a mandibular first molar. A case report under the operating microscope.Aust Endod J. 2007;33:84–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Subbiya A, Kumar KS, Vivekanandhan P, Prakash V. Management of mandibular first molar with four canals in mesial root.J Conserv Dent. 2013;16:471–3. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Sert S, Bayirli GS. Evaluation of the root canal configurations of the mandibular and maxillary permanent teeth by gender in the Turkish population.J Endod. 2004;30:391–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Sinha N, Singh B, Langaliya A, Mirdha N, Huda I, Jain A. Cone beam computed topographic evaluation and endodontic management of a rare mandibular first molar with four distal canals.Case Rep Dent. 2014;2014:306943. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Patel S, Durack C, Abella F, Roig M, Shemesh H, Lambrechts P, et al. European Society of Endodontology position statement: the use of CBCT in endodontics.Int Endod J. 2014;47:502–4. [DOI] [PubMed]
Martins JNR. Endodontic treatment of a maxillary first molar with seven root canals confirmed with cone beam computer tomography - case report.J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8:ZD13–5. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Peters OA. Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review.J Endod. 2004;30:559–67. [DOI] [PubMed]
Versiani MA, Ordinola-Zapata R, Pérez-Higueras JJ. Root canal anatomy of maxillary and mandibular teeth. In: Versiani MA, Basrani B, Sousa-Neto MD, editors. The Root Canal Anatomy in Permanent Dentition. Zug: Springer International Publishing; 2018. pp.181–239.
Macedo RG, Wesselink PR, Zaccheo F, Fanali D, Sluis LWMVD. Reaction rate of NaOCl in contact with bovine dentine: effect of activation, exposure time, concentration and pH.Int Endod J. 2010;43:1108–15. [DOI] [PubMed]
Singhal R, Singla MG, Wahi P, Bhasin P, Garg A, Nangia D. Sealing ability of three bioceramic sealers using sealer-based obturation method after immersion in simulated body fluid.J Conserv Dent Endod. 2025;28:199–203. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Carnevale G, Pontoriero R, di Febo G. Long-term effects of root-resective therapy in furcation-involved molars. A 10-year longitudinal study.J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25:209–14. [DOI] [PubMed]
Falabella MEV, de Souza RJS, Dornelas AHC, Vieira ADD, Soares LG. Root resection in molars: Clinical evaluation for 10 years.Int J Odontostomat. 2021;15:492–8. [DOI]
Bühler H. Evaluation of root-resected teeth. Results after 10 years.J Periodontol. 1988;59:805–10. [DOI] [PubMed]
Ajlan SA. Maxillary root amputation: Case report with a 14-year-follow-up and updated mini review.Clin Case Rep. 2024;12:e8553. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
