From:  Practical non-pharmacological interventions to improve quality of life for cancer patients and caregivers

 Summary of evidence-based essential oils for symptom management in oncology care.

Essential oilPrimary symptoms targetedMechanism of actionDelivery methodsSafety considerationsReferences
Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender)Anxiety, insomnia, mild painOlfactory modulation of the limbic system; autonomic nervous system regulationInhalation, diluted topical, and massageGenerally safe; dilute to 1–2%; avoid in patients with known linalool allergy[42, 43]
Citrus aurantium (Bitter orange)Preoperative anxiety, mild nauseaLimonene and linalool: anxiolytic and calming via GABAergic pathwaysInhalationPhotosensitizing: avoid direct skin exposure before UV/sunlight[44, 45]
Mentha piperita (Peppermint)Chemotherapy-induced nausea, headache, and tension painMenthol activates TRPM8 receptors; it has antiemetic and mild analgesic effectsInhalation, diluted topical (temples, abdomen)Use with caution in young children; may cause skin irritation if undiluted[46, 47]

GABA: gamma-aminobutyric acid.