From:  Review of research progress on detection methods for CD4+ T lymphocytes infected with HIV

 Detection of HICTLs using different detection methods and biomarkers

BiomarkersDetection methodsResults (cells)SensitivitySpecificityReference
HealthyARTUntreated
p24Flow cytometry1,600/1068,250/10616,850/106LowLow[21]
p24Flow cytometry9,300/106-63,300/106LowLow[22]
p24 + p24Flow cytometry-010/106LowHigh[24]
p24 + p24Flow cytometry-1/106100/106LowHigh[25]
RNARNA flow FISH-10/106165/106MediumMedium[26]
RNA + p24RNA flow FISH--123/106MediumHigh[27]
RNA + p24/Gag RNA/Nef RNARNA flow FISH2/1065/10682/106MediumHigh[28]
RNAECCITE-seq-a1,239/106 (Mix)HighHigh[29]
DNAMicrofluidic + FIND-seq-534–2,153/106-HighMedium[30]
DNAATAC-seq + ASAP-seq-1,278/1065,950/106HighLow[31]
DNAPheP-seq-----[32]
DNAPCIP-seq-----[33]

Note: “a” indicates that the number is obtained from a joint sample of two populations (ART and untreated individuals). “-” indicating that the researcher did not conduct testing or did not write down. “Healthy” indicates that they are not infected with HIV; “ART” indicates that HIV patients are receiving antiretroviral therapy; “Untreated” refers to HIV infected individuals who have not received ART treatment. Some references list the duration of ART treatment or HIV infection, but this article does not provide a summary. ART: antiretroviral therapy; ASAP-seq: ATAC with select antigen profile by sequencing; ATAC-seq: Transposase Accessible Chromatin with sequencing; ECCITE-seq: expanded CRISPR-compatible cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing; FIND-seq: Nuclear Acid Detection and Sequencing; FISH: fluorescence in situ hybridization; HICTLs: HIV-infected CD4+ T lymphocytes; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; PCIP-seq: Pooled CRISPR Inverse PCR sequencing; PheP-seq: Phenotype and Proviral sequencing