a Subject of an active smoker; b subjects with the mentioned disease; * t-independent test; # chi-square test; SD: standard deviation; NSCLC: Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma; -: not calculable
Declarations
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all the staff of the Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, and Hasanuddin University Medical Research Unit (HUM-RC) for their cooperation during the course of this research.
Author contributions
NMW: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. HAP: Conceptualization, Investigation, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. HI, NL, and BN: Investigation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study received ethical clearance from Hasanuddin University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Commission (No.692/UN.4.6.4.5.31/PP36/2023).
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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