Comparison of mean anxiety among the study groups (before, at the end of the intervention, and one month after the end of the intervention)
Time
Intervention (Mean ± SD)
Sham (Mean ± SD)
Control (Mean ± SD)
Test result*
Test statistics
p-value
Before intervention (Time 1)
129.82 ± 21.95
126.81 ± 20.66
133.00 ± 14.59
0.847
0.432
End of the intervention (Time 2)
120.53 ± 19.75
126.34 ± 21.48
132.94 ± 14.71
3.705
0.028
One month after the end of the intervention (Time 3)
125.35 ± 20.44
127.06 ± 21.13
133.12 ± 14.38
1.587
0.210
p-value
< 0.0001
0.580
0.325
-
-
Score differences during intervention times
Time 2 – Time 1
–9.29 ± 6.31
–0.47 ± 3.88
–0.06 ± 0.34
49.866
< 0.0001
Time 3 – Time 1
–4.47 ± 4.31
0.25 ± 2.53
0.12 ± 0.69
28.536
< 0.0001
Results of variance analysis of one-way repeated measures
Group and time interaction
-
-
-
28.536
< 0.0001
Group effect
-
-
-
1.617
0.204
Time effect
-
-
-
21.948
< 0.0001
SD: standard deviation; -: not applicable; * one-way repeated measures ANOVA
Declarations
Author contributions
MN: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. TS: Conceptualization, Supervision, Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. HS: Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Formal analysis. RG and HBT: Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The research project, which obtained permission from the research ethics committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, was approved with the code of IR.BUMS.REC.1400.443 and was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) at https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/ with the code IRCT20221223056899N1.
Consent to participate
Informed consent was obtained from the participants before the implementation of the study, and during the implementation of the study, the patients could not continue their cooperation with the project if they were not willing to participate anymore.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The data are available on request from the corresponding author.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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