Distribution of demographic characteristics of participants by intervention, sham, and control groups
Item
Group
p-value
Intervention (N = 34) (%)
Sham (N = 32) (%)
Control (N = 34) (%)
Sex
Male
15 (44.1)
22 (68.7)
18 (52.9)
0.127*
Female
19 (55.9)
10 (31.3)
16 (47.1)
Job
Unemployed
16 (47.1)
11 (34.4)
16 (47.1)
0.642*
Freelance job
6 (17.6)
7 (21.9)
7 (20.6)
Employed
5 (14.7)
6 (18.8)
8 (23.5)
Pensioner
7 (20.6)
8 (25.0)
3 (8.8)
Marriage status
Married
29 (85.3)
25 (78.1)
26 (76.5)
0.212*
Single
3 (8.8)
3 (9.4)
4 (11.8)
Divorced
2 (5.9)
3 (9.4)
0 (0.0)
Widow
0 (0.0)
1 (3.1)
4 (11.8)
Education
Illiterate
3 (8.8)
7 (21.9)
6 (17.6)
0.387*
Primary
8 (23.5)
7 (21.9)
4 (11.8)
Guidance
1 (2.9)
1 (3.1)
2 (5.9)
High school
12 (35.3)
7 (21.9)
4 (11.8)
University
10 (29.4)
10 (31.3)
18 (52.9)
Age (Mean ± SD)
52.91 ± 15.38
54.62 ± 14.37
56.44 ± 15.54
0.631**
Average time of hemodialysis per month (hours)
5.03 ± 4.28
3.38 ± 2.14
4.24 ± 2.30
0.098**
SD: standard deviation; * chi-square; ** one-way ANOVA
Declarations
Author contributions
MN: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. TS: Conceptualization, Supervision, Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. HS: Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Formal analysis. RG and HBT: Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The research project, which obtained permission from the research ethics committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, was approved with the code of IR.BUMS.REC.1400.443 and was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) at https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/ with the code IRCT20221223056899N1.
Consent to participate
Informed consent was obtained from the participants before the implementation of the study, and during the implementation of the study, the patients could not continue their cooperation with the project if they were not willing to participate anymore.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The data are available on request from the corresponding author.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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