Chronic comorbidity among adult PLWH in selected Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2022
Variable
Chronic comorbidity
Hypertension (n = 49)
Diabetes (n = 8)
Sex
Male
24 (49)
3 (37.5)
Female
25 (51)
5 (62.5)
Age
21–30
5 (10)
0 (0)
31–40
11 (23)
1 (12.5)
41–50
24 (49)
3 (37.5)
51–60
9 (18)
4 (50)
Education level
No formal education
5 (10)
1 (12.5)
Primary education
10 (20)
2 (25)
Secondary education
20 (41)
3 (37.5)
Tertiary education
14 (29)
2 (25)
Occupation
Government employee
14 (29)
0 (0)
Private employee
10 (20)
5 (62.5)
Daily-laborer
6 (12)
1 (12.5)
Merchant
9 (19)
2 (25)
Others
10 (20)
0 (0)
Marital status
Single
22 (44.9)
3 (37.5)
Married
9 (18.4)
0 (0)
Divorced
8 (16.3)
2 (25)
Widowed
10 (20.4)
3 (37.5)
Regular physical exercise
Yes
22 (45)
4 (50)
No
27 (55)
4 (50)
Duration of ART
< 24 months
17 (35)
2 (25)
≥ 24 months
32 (65)
6 (75)
Income level (Ethiopian Birr)
< 1,500
20 (41)
4 (50)
≥ 1,500
29 (59)
4 (50)
Place of residence
Urban
49 (100)
8 (100)
Rural
0 (0)
0 (0)
Religion
Orthodox
26 (53)
6 (75)
Muslim
13 (27)
0 (0)
Protestant
9 (18)
2 (25)
Others
1 (2)
0 (0)
WHO clinical stage
Stage I
48 (98)
8 (100)
Stage II
1 (2)
0 (0)
Stage III
0 (0)
0 (0)
Stage IV
0 (0)
0 (0)
CD4 count
< 200
3 (6.1)
0 (0)
200–349
9 (18.4)
2 (25)
350–499
7 (14.3)
3 (37.5)
≥ 500
30 (61.2)
3 (37.5)
History of alcohol consumption
Yes
8 (16)
3 (37.5)
No
41 (84)
5 (62.5)
BMI
Underweight (< 18.5)
4 (8)
0 (0)
Normal weight (18.5–24.9)
22 (45)
4 (50)
Overweight (25–30)
23 (47)
4 (50)
Dietary diversity score
Low
23 (47)
4 (50)
High
26 (53)
4(50)
Household food insecurity
Secured
17 (35)
2 (25)
Insecure
32 (65)
6 (75)
Private employee: a person who works for a private employer or in a private organization and receives regular remuneration in salary. 1 USD = 44.15 Ethiopian Birr, 2021. PLWH: people living with human immunodeficiency virus; ART: antiretroviral therapy; BMI: body mass index
Declarations
Acknowledgments
We thank Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, for providing funds for the study. We would also like to thank the data collectors and the study participants.
Author contributions
YTW: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SMB, RT, BS, AT, and MS: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. MRU and KTB: Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the final draft of the manuscript.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
To comply with the Helsinki Declaration (2013) and the Population Screening Act, the study received ethical approval from the Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Institutional Review Board (IRB/216/2019) on May 7, 2019. Permission was obtained from the hospital management. Participation was determined by the person without any external influence to participate or not. Before the data collection, informed written consent (signed or verified by fingerprint) was taken from the study subjects. The data was collected and analyzed anonymously.
Consent to participate
The informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Funding
This research work was financed by the research office of Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ethiopia. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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