Baseline demographics of ESRD-targeted patients analysed using multinomial logistic regression
Variables
N
SP
OR(p-value)
EKD
OR(p-value)
BKD
OR(p-value)
PCS
OR(p-value)
MCS
OR(p-value)
Education
Illiterate
38
41.61 ± 15.37
Reference.
39.20 ± 14.85
Reference.
18.25 ± 13.96
Reference.
52.05 ± 10.14
Reference.
48.23 ± 9.24
Reference.
Matric pass
48
38.97 ± 11.82
0.995 (0.788)
34.30 ± 14.39
0.980 (0.227)
22.26 ± 18.59
0.993 (0.800)
52.41 ± 9.97
0.300 (1.015)
47.66 ± 7.36
1.011 (0.645)
Graduate
12
46.35 ± 17.68
0.966 (0.274)
49.70 ± 17.46
1.051 (0.113)
13.54 ± 12.45
1.040 (0.382)
59.49 ± 11.86
0.982 (0.490)
52.01 ± 8.79
1.058 (0.110)
Beyond graduate
6
37.50 ± 19.85
0.998 (0.964)
35.11 ± 12.45
0.979 (0.580)
10.41 ± 11.63
0.986 (0.799)
49.92 ± 11.87
0.959 (0.263)
46.04 ± 8.73
0.986 (0.787)
Occupation
Student
5
45.83 ± 11.12
Reference.
40.71 ± 21.36
Reference.
22.50 ± 12.96
Reference.
57.81 ± 4.61
Reference.
48.08 ± 5.80
Reference.
Employed
27
40.58 ± 12.83
0.978 (0.655)
36.24 ± 15.80
0.992 (0.841)
21.52 ± 16.29
0.965 (0.437)
53.22 ± 10.67
1.030 (0.644)
48.25 ± 8.24
0.991 (0.764)
Unemployed
72
40.39 ± 15.21
0.972 (0.549)
38.34 ± 15.00
1.003 (0.928)
17.96 ± 16.48
0.957 (0.311)
52.51 ± 10.72
1.034 (0.585)
48.30 ± 8.60
0.979 (0.450)
Monthly income (₹)
10,000
66
39.99 ± 15.49
Reference.
38.37 ± 15.78
Reference.
19.98 ± 17.27
Reference.
53.41 ± 10.43
Reference.
48.01 ± 8.61
Reference.
25,000
22
42.42 ± 8.96
1.034 (0.149)
36.68 ± 12.18
0.978 (0.283)
19.31 ± 13.89
1.006 (0.855)
50.55 ± 9.64
0.993 (0.676)
48.16 ± 6.85
0.962 (0.167)
50,000
10
37.70 ± 16.29
1.007 (0.816)
32.50 ± 15.65
0.968 (0.256)
21.25 ± 14.79
1.041 (0.391)
50.19 ± 9.75
1.002 (0.938)
49.50 ± 8.91
0.967 (0.378)
100,000
6
47.22 ± 15.57
1.008 (0.855)
46.42 ± 20.70
0.995 (0.910)
5.20 ± 10.01
1.028 (0.647)
61.33 ± 12.92
0.892 (0.049)
49.65 ± 11.00
1.063 (0.188)
Diagnosis
Freshly diagnosed
66
41.57 ± 14.53
Reference.
38.41 ± 14.85
Reference.
19.60 ± 16.18
Reference.
52.86 ± 10.65
Reference.
49.24 ± 8.17
Reference.
Known case
35
38.80 ± 14.44
0.994 (0.769)
35.82 ± 16.38
0.994 (0.740)
18.39 ± 17.21
0.957 (0.117)
52.14 ± 9.74
0.997 (0.841)
46.15 ± 8.57
1.003 (0.882)
Referred case
3
43.75 ± 12.67
0.921 (0.186)
51.19 ± 11.48
1.096 (0.135)
16.66 ± 3.60
1.016 (0.849)
64.39 ± 12.71
1.007 (0.883)
51.80 ± 5.68
1.115 (0.081)
The value in parentheses represents the p-values across the different groups. Reference category 1. OR: odds ratio; SP: symptoms and problems; EKD: effects of kidney disease; BKD: burden of kidney disease; PCS: physical component summary; MCS: mental component summary; ESRD: end-stage renal disease
We sincerely acknowledge the invaluable support provided by the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, and the Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh. We are also deeply grateful to the study participants for their significant contributions to this research.
Author contributions
GS: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. PA: Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Formal analysis. PT: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. SD and AT: Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali (IEC/78/2023-RI), as well as from the Ethics Committee of the Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh (GMCH/IEC/2024/1137R).
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author (Pramil Tiwari, ptiwari@niper.ac.in) upon reasonable request.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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