Table Info

Table 1.

Baseline demographics of ESRD-targeted patients analysed using binary logistic regression

Variables	N	SP	EKD	BKD	PCS	MCS
Patient type
OPD	91	40.56 ± 14.61	36.93 ± 15.83	19.91 ± 16.50	52.12 ± 9.58	48.26 ± 8.67
IPD	13	41.66 ± 13.28	44.78 ± 9.84	13.46 ± 13.46	58.75 ± 14.66	48.36 ± 5.64
OR	--	0.961	1.047	0.979	1.066	0.988
p-value	--	0.164	0.093	0.369	0.038	0.765
Age (years)
≤ 50	35	42.32 ± 14.10	38.67 ± 16.82	17.85 ± 15.69	55.70 ± 11.26	49.19 ± 7.59
> 50	69	39.88 ± 14.57	37.53 ± 14.73	19.74 ± 16.59	51.56 ± 9.88	47.82 ± 8.70
OR	--	0.994	1.006	1.008	0.966	0.987
p-value	--	0.769	0.731	0.549	0.104	0.638
Gender
Male	70	39.82 ± 14.50	36.22 ± 15.20	20.98 ± 16.20	52.22 ± 10.24	48.66 ± 8.38
Female	34	42.52 ± 14.20	41.39 ± 15.44	15.25 ± 15.85	54.46 ± 10.99	47.50 ± 8.32
OR	--	1.001	1.019	0.981	1.018	0.975
p-value	--	0.942	0.283	0.189	0.417	0.350
Marital status
Married	94	40.09 ± 14.69	37.46 ± 15.27	18.15 ± 16.00	52.61 ± 10.67	48.17 ± 8.42
Unmarried	10	46.45 ± 9.92	42.14 ± 16.81	28.12 ± 16.47	56.12 ± 8.47	49.25 ± 7.82
OR	--	1.025	1.013	1.040	1.030	0.982
p-value	--	0.467	0.654	0.047	0.379	0.690
Residential status
Rural	48	41.40 ± 11.99	38.40 ± 13.93	20.31 ± 17.07	53.18 ± 10.88	47.42 ± 8.52
Urban	56	40.10 ± 16.25	37.50 ± 16.66	18.08 ± 15.57	52.75 ± 10.25	49.01 ± 8.18
OR	--	0.993	0.996	0.989	1.033	0.641
p-value	--	0.682	0.793	0.389	0.794	0.209
History of past disease
Yes	67	38.80 ± 14.41	36.89 ± 15.15	18.75 ± 15.34	52.00 ± 10.60	47.61 ± 7.76
No	37	44.14 ± 13.89	39.76 ± 15.88	19.76 ± 17.95	54.66 ± 10.22	49.49 ± 9.27
OR	--	1.024	0.997	1.003	1.014	1.014
p-value	--	0.218	0.839	0.818	0.508	0.605
Recommended for fistula
Yes	62	39.81 ± 14.21	39.91 ± 14.99	19.05 ± 17.40	53.71 ± 10.47	48.56 ± 8.78
No	42	42.01 ± 14.73	34.95 ± 15.69	19.19 ± 14.56	51.83 ± 10.56	47.86 ± 7.71
OR	--	0.954	1.046	1.006	1.024	1.009
p-value	--	0.021	0.015	0.643	0.275	0.729

OPD: Out-Patient Department; IPD: In-Patient Department; OR: odds ratio; SP: symptoms and problems; EKD: effects of kidney disease; BKD: burden of kidney disease; PCS: physical component summary; MCS: mental component summary; ESRD: end-stage renal disease. --: no applicable

Supplementary materials

The supplementary tables for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/1001303_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We sincerely acknowledge the invaluable support provided by the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, and the Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh. We are also deeply grateful to the study participants for their significant contributions to this research.

Author contributions

GS: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. PA: Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Formal analysis. PT: Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. SD and AT: Supervision, Validation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali (IEC/78/2023-RI), as well as from the Ethics Committee of the Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh (GMCH/IEC/2024/1137R).

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author (Pramil Tiwari, ptiwari@niper.ac.in) upon reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

References

Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2022;12:7–11. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Viswanathan V, Mirshad R. The burden of diabetic nephropathy in India: Need for prevention. Diabetic Nephropathy. 2023;3:25–8. [DOI]

Rincon Bello A, Ion Titapiccolo J, Berdud Godoy I, Samaniego DJC, Ortego Perez S, Sobrino Perez A, et al. Better health-related quality of life is associated with prolonged survival and reduced hospitalization risk among dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients: a historical cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2024;25:388. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Pagels AA, Söderkvist BK, Medin C, Hylander B, Heiwe S. Health-related quality of life in different stages of chronic kidney disease and at initiation of dialysis treatment. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10:71. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

So S, Brown MA, Li K. Factors associated with quality of life in patients with kidney failure managed conservatively and with dialysis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol. 2023;24:322. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Bharati J, Jha V. Global Dialysis Perspective: India. Kidney360. 2020;1:1143–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Kaur G, Prinja S, Ramachandran R, Malhotra P, Gupta KL, Jha V. Cost of hemodialysis in a public sector tertiary hospital of India. Clin Kidney J. 2018;11:726–33. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Jha V, Ur-Rashid H, Agarwal SK, Akhtar SF, Kafle RK, Sheriff R, et al. The state of nephrology in South Asia. Kidney Int. 2019;95:31–7. [DOI] [PubMed]

Konnur AM, Shete NB, Sahay M, Karishetti M, Dhaygude SV, Anandh U, et al. Dialysis Practices Across India—A Nationwide Study. Indian J Nephrol. Forthcoming 2024. [DOI]

10.

Hejazi SS, Hosseini M, Ebadi A, Majd HA. Components of quality of life in hemodialysis patients from family caregivers’ perspective: a qualitative study. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22:379. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

11.

Doan V, Shoker A, Abdelrasoul A. Quality of Life of Dialysis Patients: Exploring the Influence of Membrane Hemocompatibility and Dialysis Practices on Psychosocial and Physical Symptoms. J Compos Sci. 2024;8:172. [DOI]

12.

Novick TK, Osuna M, Emery C, Barrios F, Ramirez D, Crews DC, et al. Patients’ Perspectives on Health-Related Social Needs and Recommendations for Interventions: A Qualitative Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024;83:739–49. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

13.

Naamani ZA, Gormley K, Noble H, Santin O, Maqbali MA. Fatigue, anxiety, depression and sleep quality in patients undergoing haemodialysis. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22:157. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

14.

Vélez-Bermúdez M, Adamowicz JL, Askelson NM, Lutgendorf SK, Fraer M, Christensen AJ. Disparities in dialysis modality decision-making using a social-ecological lens: a qualitative approach. BMC Nephrol. 2022;23:276. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

15.

Khatib ST, Hemadneh MK, Hasan SA, Khazneh E, Zyoud SH. Quality of life in hemodialysis diabetic patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study from Palestine. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19:49. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

16.

Kamal NN, Kamel EG, Eldessouki KH, Ahmed MG. Health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients at El-Minia University Hospital, Egypt. J Public Health. 2013;21:193–200. [DOI]

17.

Zazzeroni L, Pasquinelli G, Nanni E, Cremonini V, Rubbi I. Comparison of Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2017;42:717–27. [DOI] [PubMed]

18.

van Oevelen M, Bonenkamp AA, van Eck van der Sluijs A, Bos WJW, Douma CE, van Buren M, et al. Health-related quality of life and symptom burden in patients on haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2024;39:436–44. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

19.

Bonenkamp AA, van Eck van der Sluijs A, Hoekstra T, Verhaar MC, van Ittersum FJ, Abrahams AC, et al. Health-Related Quality of Life in Home Dialysis Patients Compared to In-Center Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Kidney Med. 2020;2:139–54. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

20.

Nayana SA, Balasubramanian T, Nathaliya PM, Hussain PN, Mohammed Salim KT, Muhammed Lubab P. A cross-sectional study on assessment of health-related quality of life among end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2017;5:148–53. [DOI]

21.

Alhajim SA. Assessment of the quality of life in patients on haemodialysis in Iraq. East Mediterr Health J. 2018;23:815–20. [DOI] [PubMed]

22.

Manju L, Joseph J. Health-related quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis in a tertiary center in South Kerala. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2024;26:101547. [DOI]

23.

Dąbrowska-Bender M, Dykowska G, Żuk W, Milewska M, Staniszewska A. The impact on quality of life of dialysis patients with renal insufficiency. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;12:577–83. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

24.

25.

Manju L, Joseph J, Beevi N. Validation of Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-SF™) in Malayalam among Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis in South Kerala. Indian J Nephrol. 2020;30:316–20. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

26.

Chesnaye NC, Meuleman Y, de Rooij ENM, Hoogeveen EK, Dekker FW, Evans M, et al.; EQUAL Study Investigators. Health-Related Quality-of-Life Trajectories over Time in Older Men and Women with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17:205–14. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

27.

Elhadad AA, Ragab AZE, Atia SAA. Psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Middle East Curr Psychiatry. 2020;27:9. [DOI]

28.

Pei M, Aguiar R, Pagels AA, Heimbürger O, Stenvinkel P, Bárány P, et al. Health-related quality of life as predictor of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients: an observational study. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20:144. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

29.

Molsted S, Wendelboe S, Flege MM, Eidemak I. The impact of marital and socioeconomic status on quality of life and physical activity in patients with chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2021;53:2577–82. [DOI] [PubMed]

30.

Kim J, Park E. Impact of socioeconomic status and subjective social class on overall and health-related quality of life. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:783. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

31.

Tong A, Evangelidis N, Kurnikowski A, Lewandowski M, Bretschneider P, Oberbauer R, et al. Nephrologists’ Perspectives on Gender Disparities in CKD and Dialysis. Kidney Int Rep. 2021;7:424–35. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

32.

Carrero JJ, Hecking M, Chesnaye NC, Jager KJ. Sex and gender disparities in the epidemiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018;14:151–64. [DOI] [PubMed]

33.

Lopes GB, Matos CM, Leite EB, Martins MTS, Martins MS, Silva LF, et al. Depression as a potential explanation for gender differences in health-related quality of life among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Nephron Clin Pract. 2010;115:c35–40. [DOI] [PubMed]

34.

Ibrahim N, Chu SY, Siau CS, Amit N, Ismail R, Gafor AHA. The effects of psychosocial and economic factors on the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease and their caregivers in Klang Valley, Malaysia: protocol for a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e059305. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

35.

Chow SKY, Tam BML. Is the kidney disease quality of life-36 (KDQOL-36) a valid instrument for Chinese dialysis patients? BMC Nephrol. 2014;15:199. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

36.

Joshi VD, Mooppil N, Lim JF. Validation of the kidney disease quality of life-short form: a cross-sectional study of a dialysis-targeted health measure in Singapore. BMC Nephrol. 2010;11:36. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

37.

Li N, Thadhani RI, Reviriego-Mendoza M, Larkin JW, Maddux FW, Ofsthun NJ. Association of Smoking Status With Mortality and Hospitalization in Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;72:673–81. [DOI] [PubMed]

38.

Schouten RW, Haverkamp GL, Loosman WL, Shaw PKC, van Ittersum FJ, Smets YFC, et al. Anxiety Symptoms, Mortality, and Hospitalization in Patients Receiving Maintenance Dialysis: A Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;74:158–66. [DOI] [PubMed]

39.

Gilbert A, Sebag-Montefiore D, Davidson S, Velikova G. Use of patient-reported outcomes to measure symptoms and health related quality of life in the clinic. Gynecol Oncol. 2015;136:429–39. [DOI] [PubMed]

40.

Unruh M, Benz R, Greene T, Yan G, Beddhu S, DeVita M, et al.; HEMO Study Group. Effects of hemodialysis dose and membrane flux on health-related quality of life in the HEMO Study. Kidney Int. 2004;66:355–66. [DOI] [PubMed]

41.

Weisbord SD, Mor MK, Green JA, Sevick MA, Shields AM, Zhao X, et al. Comparison of symptom management strategies for pain, erectile dysfunction, and depression in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis: a cluster randomized effectiveness trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8:90–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]