Exploration of Medicine

Table 1. Patients’ demographics and preoperative variables

Variables	Group I (N = 24)	Group II (N = 79)	P-value^*
Age (years)	65.1 ± 5.6	61.4 ± 7.4	0.018
≥ 65:< 65	15:9 (62.5%:37.5%)	27:52 (34.18%:65.82%)	0.005
Gender (males:females)	20:4 (83.33%:16.67%)	64:15 (81.01%:18.99%)	0.788
BMI (kg/m²)	21.83 ± 3.37	21.82 ± 2.35	0.923
KPS (≥ 80:< 80)	16:8 (71.4%:28.6%)	62:17 (78.48%:21.52%)	0.183
Smoking history (yes:no)	20:4 (83.3%:16.7%)	46:33 (58.23%:41.77%)	0.017
Smoking index (< 20:≥ 20 pack-years)	4:16 (20.0%:80.0%)	22:24 (47.83%:52.17%)	0.018
Comorbidities
Respiratory	10 (41.67%)	7 (8.86%)	< 0.001
COPD	8 (33.33%)	4 (5.06%)	< 0.001
Circulatory	7 (29.17%)	7 (8.86%)	0.001
DM	6 (25.00%)	9 (11.39%)	0.029
Others	4 (16.67%)	11 (13.92%)	0.662
Number of comorbidities	1.08 ± 0.62	0.42 ± 0.17	< 0.001
Tumor location			0.528
Upper third	4 (16.67%)	7 (8.86%)
Middle third	16 (66.67%)	63 (79.75%)
Lower third	2 (8.33%)	4 (5.06%)
Gastro-esophageal junction	2 (8.33%)	5 (6.33%)
Histology			0.802
Squamous cell cancer	22 (91.67%)	73 (92.41%)
Adenocarcinoma	2 (8.33%)	5 (6.33%)
Other type	0 (0.00%)	1 (1.26%)
Clinical stage			0.058
I	5 (20.83%)	5 (6.33%)
II	10 (41.67%)	36 (45.57%)
III	9 (37.50%)	37 (46.84%)
IV	0 (0.00%)	1 (1.26%)
Blood test
Hb (≤ 110 g/L)	11 (45.83%)	42 (53.16%)	0.457
Alb (≤ 35 g/L)	13 (54.17%)	37 (46.84%)	0.697
PO₂ (mmHg)	75.80 ± 9.16	87.74 ± 10.25	< 0.001
PCO₂ (mmHg)	38.56 ± 4.22	34.70 ± 3.46	< 0.001
Lung function
FVC	2.68 ± 0.60	3.22 ± 0.67	0.043
FVC%	85.58 ± 10.64	94.50 ± 13.43	0.014
FEV1	2.13 ± 0.43	2.18 ± 0.51	0.698
FEV1%	85.67 ± 9.76	86.67 ± 15.79	0.793
MVV	69.38 ± 22.22	69.58 ± 20.59	0.973
MVV%	64.08 ± 16.52	62.63 ± 16.79	0.937
Preoperative stay (days)	9.63 ± 4.52	8.53 ± 3.32	0.120

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^* Compared with the analysis of variance for interval data or chi-square test for categorical data. Blank cells mean not applicable. MVV%: MVV percentage

Declarations

Author contributions

ZF and Hao Y: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. YL, DX, BS, Huguang Y, and CX: Data curation, Formal analysis. FX: Writing—review & editing. LL: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The ethics committee of Chongqing University Cancer Hospital granted ethical approval for this study (ethical approval number: CZLS2020040-A), which complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

All datasets for this study are included in the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project No. [2023MSXM039]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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