Table Info

Table 1.

Effects of ROS on different bone cells and materials

Bone agents	Regulatory molecules	Activity of ROS	Reference
Osteoblast	Hydroxyl and superoxide radicals	Inhibition of differentiation and mineralization; induction of necrosis	[11]
Osteoclast	Superoxide, H₂O₂ and NADPH oxidase	Enhanced generation of ROS regulates osteoclast differentiation and facilitates resorption of bone tissues Generation of resorption pit	[17]
Osteocytes	NO, H₂O₂	Induction of apoptotic cell death	[20, 21]
Fibrinonectin	Oxygen-free radicals	Partial degradation and modification of ECM molecules; inhibition of bone nodule formation	[19]
Pro-inflammatory cytokines	IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α	Increases the expression of osteoclast markers	[11]

IL-1: interleukin-1; ECM: extracellular matrix

Declarations

Acknowledgment

LB is thankful to University Grants Commission-Senior research fellowship (UGC-SRF) for her fellowship. KN acknowledges Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Senior research fellowship (CSIR-SRF) for her fellowship.

Author contributions

LB, KN and AKV conceived and wrote the manuscript. AKV edited the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript writing, revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

The work on siRNA was supported by the project grant “Small molecule functionalized biopolymeric nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA for targeted delivery to osteoblasts for managing bone disorders” (BT/PR 21645/NNT/28/1224/2017) from Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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