Exploration of BioMat-X

Table 1. Applications of the lignin-based hydrogel.

Application	Description	Properties utilized	Potential benefits	References
Tissue engineering	Scaffold for cell growth and tissue regeneration	Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength	Enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation	[15–17]
Drug delivery	Controlled release of therapeutic agents	Swelling behavior, degradation rate, pH-responsiveness	Improved drug efficacy, reduced side effects, targeted delivery	[18–22]
Biosensors	Detection of biomolecules and ions	Electrical conductivity, surface area, functional groups	High sensitivity, selectivity, and stability	[17, 18, 23]
Wound healing	Accelerated wound closure and tissue repair	Antimicrobial activity, moisture retention, and biocompatibility	Enhanced wound healing, reduced scarring	[23, 24]
Water treatment	Removal of pollutants and heavy metals	Adsorption capacity, ion exchange, and photocatalytic activity	Efficient water purification, reduced environmental impact	[9, 25]

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Author contributions

AB: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Visualization, Writing—original draft. YA: Resources, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing—review & editing. TKB: Conceptualization, Software, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MTI: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administration, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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