Exploration of BioMat-X

Step	Temperature	Time	Notes
Initial denaturation	94–98°C	1–3 min	Longer for hot-start enzymes
Denaturation (per cycle)	94°C	10–60 s	Melts DNA strands
Annealing	~Tm –5°C	30 s	Depending on the primer Tm
Extension	70–75°C	~1 min per 1–2 kb	72°C is typical for Taq, 75°C for Pfu
Final extension	72°C	5 min	Ensures complete product synthesis
Hold	4°C	Indefinite	Preserves samples until retrieval

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Daniela P. Gárnica-Robledo and Karla P. Martínez-Velázquez for their valuable collaboration during the conception of the idea of this article.

Author contributions

PUMG: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft. LOEM: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft. DSR, JMM, JSL, USA: Writing—original draft. BMN: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

LOEM thanks Mexico’s Secretary of Sciences, Humanities, Technology and Innovation (SECIHTI) and the University of Guanajuato for the given scholarships. We thank SECIHTI for project CF-2023-I-2285. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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