From:  Influence of symbiotic administration on gut microbiota: an exploratory study at different levels and intensity of spinal cord injury

 PERMANOVA analysis with the ten principal genera identifies the different groups.

Before symbiotic administrationAfter symbiotic administrationEV and PERMANOVA
Sham
Genus%Genus%EV and PERMANOVA
Clostridium
Alkaliphilus
Bifidobacterium
Sarcina
Turicibacter
Lactobacillus
Blautia
Natronincola
Ruminococcus
Allobaculum
27.3
17.5
16.1
7.9
7.6
6.2
5.6
4.6
2.3
1.2
Bifidobacterium
Lactobacillus
Clostridium
Alkaliphilus
Allobaculum
Natronincola
Akkermansia
Turicibacter
Sarcina
Mesoplasma
24.2
16.3
14.7
13.7
9.4
3.7
3.5
3.4
2.7
2.0
45.4% (p = 0.1)
T5S
Genus%Genus%EV and PERMANOVA
Bifidobacterium
Clostridium
Alkaliphilus
Prevotella
Blautia
Lactobacillus
Sarcina
Natronincola
Bacteroides
Allobaculum
15.5
6.8
5.9
5.4
3.8
3.7
3.5
2.1
1.5
1.3
Lactobacillus
Blautia
Bifidobacterium
Alkaliphilus
Clostridium
Ruminococcus
Johnsonella
Akkermansia
Natronincola
Pelagicoccus
23.1
19.5
15.1
7.9
6.9
4.4
3.8
2.5
2.2
1.9
25.6% (p = 0.2)
T5M
Genus%Genus%EV and PERMANOVA
Bifidobacterium
Lactobacillus
Clostridium
Alkaliphilus
Allobaculum
Blautia
Natronincola
Sarcina
Pediococcus
Parabacteroides
30.8
28.7
9.3
8.7
5.1
2.4
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.6
Bifidobacterium
Lactobacillus
Clostridium
Alkaliphilus
Allobaculum
Sarcina
Natronincola
Akkermansia
Pediococcus
Turicibacter
37.1
18.5
12.1
9.7
5.2
2.8
2.4
1.7
1.4
1.4
12.3% (p = 0.439)
T9S
Genus%Genus%EV and PERMANOVA
Bifidobacterium
Clostridium
Lactobacillus
Allobaculum
Alkaliphilus
Blautia
Sarcina
Natronincola
Mesoplasma
Oscillospira
41.4
13.3
10.2
9.9
9.4
2.9
2.5
1.8
1.3
1.1
Bifidobacterium
Lactobacillus
Clostridium
Alkaliphilus
Sarcina
Allobaculum
Natronincola
Turicibacter
Pediococcus
Blautia
26.5
21.9
19.7
10.4
7.0
4.7
2.8
2.2
1.2
0.9
41.4% (p = 0.058)
T9M
Genus%Genus%EV and PERMANOVA
Bifidobacterium
Clostridium
Lactobacillus
Alkaliphilus
Allobaculum
Sarcina
Natronincola
Ruminococcus
Pediococcus
Turicibacter
32.1
18.6
17.1
16.8
3.9
2.9
2.3
1.1
1.0
0.7
Bifidobacterium
Lactobacillus
Clostridium
Alkaliphilus
Allobaculum
Pediococcus
Blautia
Sarcina
Ruminococcus
Mesoplasma
34.9
32.8
7.0
6.7
4.7
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.0
83.3% (p = 0.035)

EV: explained variation; T5M: thoracic five moderate; T5S: thoracic five severe; T9M: thoracic nine moderate; T9S: thoracic nine severe.