Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy

Table 2. Effects of low, moderate, and high norepinephrine (NE) tone on personality traits and their different contributions.

NE tone	Characteristics	Impact on personality	References
High	Anxiety, restlessness, hypervigilance, and insomnia	Results in elevated alertness, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and hyperactivity	[137, 138]
Moderate	Balanced energy, optimal focus, alertness & arousal, and stable mood	Optimal cognitive function, emotional stability & motivation	[70]
Low	Lethargy, fatigue, brain fog, inability to concentrate, and impaired alertness	Lack of motivation, Anhedonia, apathy, emotional blunting	[139]

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Declarations

Author contributions

TU: Conceptualization, Supervision. OHB: Methodology, Formal analysis. MMM: Supervision, Writing—original draft. SS: Investigation, Writing—original draft. FS: Resources, Writing—review & editing. ST: Project administration, Validation. SA: Writing—review & editing. RS: Formal analysis, Resources, Supervision. RSN: Supervision, Data curation. KYG: Supervision, Writing—original draft. MTH: Project administration. ATA: Supervision. TTI: Writing—review & editing. JF: Writing—original draft. FHA: Investigation, Methodology. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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