Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy

Table 2. ABC lipid transporters expressed in the brain

ABC subfamily	Transporter	Cellular location within the brain							Lipid substrates (including brain and periphery)
ABC subfamily	Transporter	Neurons	Astrocytes	Oligodendrocytes	Microglia	Choroid plexus epithelial cells	Capillary endothelial cells	References	Lipid substrates (including brain and periphery)
ABCA	ABCA1	•	•	•	•	•	•	[87–89, 90–92]	Cholesterol, phospholipids (PC, PS), oxysterols (24S-HC) [93–95]
	ABCA2	•	•	•	-	-	•	[87–89, 91, 92, 96]	Cholesterol, sphingomyelin, glycosphingolipids [97–99]
	ABCA3	•	•	•	•	-	•	[87, 89, 92, 96]	Possibly cholesterol, phospholipids (PC, PG) [89, 100–102]
	ABCA7	•	-	•	•	-	-	[87, 89]	Possibly cholesterol, phospholipids (PC, sphingomyelin) [103–105]
	ABCA8	•	•	•	•	•	-	[87, 89, 106]	Cholesterol [107]
ABCB	ABCB1	•	•	-	•	•	•	[89, 91, 96, 108–110]	Possibly cholesterol, phospholipids (PC, PE, PS, sphingomyelin), glucosylceramide, glycosphingolipids [111–115]
ABCC	ABCC6	•	-	-	-	-	•	[91, 116]	Associated with plasma lipoprotein and HDL levels [117]
ABCD	ABCD1	-	•	•	•	-	•	[89, 91]	Very long-chain fatty acids (preference for saturated species), fatty acyl-CoAs [118, 119]
	ABCD2	•	-	-	-	-	-	[89, 118]	Very long-chain fatty acids (preference for polyunsaturated species), fatty acyl-CoAs [118, 119]
	ABCD3	-	-	-	-	-	•	[96]	Very long-chain fatty acids, long and branched-chain acyl-CoA [118, 119]
ABCG	ABCG1	•	•	•	•	•	•	[88–91, 120, 121]	Cholesterol, phospholipids (PC), oxysterols, desmosterol [88, 93, 120, 122, 123]
ABCG	ABCG4	•	•	-	•	-	•	[89, 91, 120, 124]	Cholesterol, cholesterol synthesis intermediates (desmosterol, lathosterol, lanosterol), oxysterols [120, 125–127]

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Note that the substrates listed here are not limited to the brain and may reflect data from systemic studies since investigations regarding the cholesterol/lipid-transporting activity of ABC transporters within the brain are still limited. “•” denotes expression has been observed in the cell line, “-” indicates no expression or no data. PC: phosphatidylcholine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PG: phosphatidylglycerol; PS: phosphatidylserine; ABCB: ABC transporter subfamily B; ABCC: ABC transporter subfamily C

Declarations

Acknowledgements

The authors thank members of the Brown laboratory for their intellectural assistance to this review.

Author contributions

AJB and ICG: funding acquisition and conceptualization. AJB, ICG, ABC, LQ: writing-original draft and editing. LQ and ABC: visualization and preparation of figures and tables. All authors approved the final version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This work was supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant [DP170101178]. Amanda B. Chai and Lydia Qian are supported by an Australian Research Training Program scholarship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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