From:  Systematic review of probiotic supplementation in Alzheimer’s patients with results on cognitive function, health biomarkers, and microbiota

 Characteristics of participants and probiotic supplementation protocols in the included studies.

CharacteristicsTypesStudies
Alzheimer’s diagnosisNINS-ARDA[28–32]
NI-AAA[28–32]
Other[28, 30–32]
Formulation of the strainSingle[30]
Combined[28, 29, 31, 32]
Supplement productsRegistered Product®[28–32]
Manufactured product-
1–5[28, 29, 32]
Total dose (109 CFU/day)5–10[31]
> 11[30]
ssp.Lactobacillus[28–32]
Bifidobacterium[28–32]
Control groupPlacebo[28–30, 32]
Simulated treatment1[31]
Duration12 weeks[28–32]
Dosing scheduleOnce daily[29, 31, 32]
Twice daily[30]
Every other day[28]
Pharmaceutical formCapsules[28, 30–32]
Solution[29]
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CFU: colony-forming units; NI-AAA: National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association; NINDS-ADRDA: National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association; ssp.: species. 1 Intake of probiotics 5 × 107 CFU/day is considered insufficient to achieve the benefits described by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (2025).