From:  Systematic review of probiotic supplementation in Alzheimer’s patients with results on cognitive function, health biomarkers, and microbiota

 Risk of bias assessment of included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool [27].

StudyRandom sequence generation (selection bias)Allocation concealment (selection bias)Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)Blinding of outcome assessors (detection bias)Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)Selective reporting (reporting bias)Other biases
Agahi et al. [28] 2018
Akbari et al. [29] 2016
Akhgarjand et al. [30] 2022
Hsu et al. [31] 2023
Tamtaji et al. [32] 2019
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+: Low risk of bias; ?: uncertain risk of bias.