Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy

Table 1. Demographic features of three groups including COV-pos and COV-neg groups within the period of COVID-19 pandemic, and non-COV group within the same period one year before emerging of COVID-19 pandemic

Variables	Subgroups	Within the COVID-19 pandemics		Non-COV	P value
Variables	Subgroups	COV-pos	COV-neg	Non-COV	P value
Total number of individuals		59	65	202	-
Age (mean ± SD)		70.90 ± 14.3	69.03 ± 16.0	64.02 ± 14.3	Kruscal-Wallis test: < 0.001
Gender (male/female)	Male	25 (42.4%)	40 (61.5%)	120 (59.4%)	Chi2 test: 0.046 Fisher exact test: 0.049
Gender (male/female)	Female	34 (57.6%)	25 (38.5%)	82 (40.6%)	Chi2 test: 0.046 Fisher exact test: 0.049
Hx of hypertension	Yes	38 (64.4%)	46 (70.8%)	119 (59.5%)	Chi2 test: 0.406 Fisher exact test: 0.438
Hx of hypertension	No	21 (35.6%)	19 (29.2%)	81 (40.5%)	Chi2 test: 0.406 Fisher exact test: 0.438
Hx of atrial fibrillation	Yes	4 (6.8%)	9 (13.8%)	18 (9.1%)	Chi2 test: 0.280 Fisher exact test: 0.409
Hx of atrial fibrillation	No	55 (93.2%)	56 (86.2%)	179 (90.9%)	Chi2 test: 0.280 Fisher exact test: 0.409
Hx of cardiac valvular disease	Yes	9 (15.3%)	9 (13.8%)	13 (6.4%)	Chi2 test: 0.168 Fisher exact test: 0.092
Hx of cardiac valvular disease	No	50 (74.7%)	56 (86.2%)	188 (93.6%)	Chi2 test: 0.168 Fisher exact test: 0.092
Hx of ischemic heart disease	Yes	8 (13.6%)	6 (9.2%)	57 (28.6%)	Chi2 test: 0.004 Fisher exact test: 0.002
Hx of ischemic heart disease	No	51 (76.4%)	59 (90.8%)	142 (71.4%)	Chi2 test: 0.004 Fisher exact test: 0.002
Hx of diabetes melitus	Yes	19 (32.2%)	25 (38.5%)	54 (27.3%)	Chi2 test: 0.239 Fisher exact test: 0.308
Hx of diabetes melitus	No	40 (67.8%)	40 (61.5%)	144 (72.7%)	Chi2 test: 0.239 Fisher exact test: 0.308
Hx of any comorbidity	Yes	47 (79.7%)	54 (83.1%)	162 (80.2%)	Chi2 test: 0.857 Fisher exact test: 0.902
Hx of any comorbidity	No	12 (20.3%)	11 (16.9%)	40 (19.8%)	Chi2 test: 0.857 Fisher exact test: 0.902
Number of previous comorbidities (mean ± SD)		1.41 ± 1.2	1.55 ± 1.0	1.72 ± 1.5	Kruscal-Wallis test: 0.376
Hx of smoking	Yes	6 (10.2%)	13 (20.0%)	30 (19.5%)	For both Chi2 test and Fisher exact test: < 0.001
Hx of smoking	No	53 (89.8%)	52 (80.0%)	124 (80.5%)	For both Chi2 test and Fisher exact test: < 0.001
Hx of alcohol consumption	Yes	1 (1.7%)	1 (1.5%)	4 (2.5%)	For both Chi2 test and Fisher exact test: < 0.001

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Hx: history; COV-pos: COVID-19 positive; COV-neg: COVID-19 negative; non-COV: non-COVID-19

Declarations

Author contributions

MAD: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. ST: Conceptualization, Data curation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. FM, TK, MRG, TL, MH, ZS, and RY: Investigation. ZM: Supervision, Conceptualization, Software. SMT: Writing—review & editing. MM: Resources, Validation. AHV: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (approval number: IR.IUMS.FMD.REC.1400.431).

Consent to participate

Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the participants.

Consent to publication

Written informed consent to publication of the study was obtained from the participants.

Availability of data and materials

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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