Table Info

Table 2.

The effects of natural compounds on psoriasis

Compound	Plant	*In vitro*	*In vivo*	Signaling pathway(s)	Target(s)	Reference
9,19-cycloartenol glycosides G3	Cimicifuga simplex	PBMCs	Mice	JAK/STAT; Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-4	[73]
Aloe polysaccharide	Aloe vera	HaCaT	-	NF-κB	TNF-α, IL-12, IL-8	[51]
Andrographolide	Andrographis paniculata	BMDCs	Mice	TLR/MyD88	IL-23, IL-1β, IL-6	[106]
Ar-turmerone	Curcuma longa	HaCaT	-	Hedgehog	TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β	[107]
Baicalin	Scutellaria baicalensis	-	Mice	Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α	[33]
Betulinic acid	-	T cells	Mice	Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IL-10, IFN-γ	[34]
Chebulanin	Terminalia chebula Retz.	HaCaT	Mice	NF-κB	IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, MMP-9	[53]
Chrysin	-	NHEK	Mice	MAPK; JAK/STAT	IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α, CCL20	[91]
cis-Khellactone	-	RAW264.7	Mice	NF-κB; Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6	[50]
Cryptotanshinone	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.	HaCaT	Mice	STAT3	PCNA	[63]
Curcumin	Curcuma longa	HaCaT	-	NF-κB	IL-6, IL-8	[94]
		PBMCs		Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IFN-γ	[96]
		T cells	Mice	Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-8, TNF-α	[95]
Fisetin	-	Human keratinocytes	-	PI3K/Akt/mTOR; MAPK	IL-17, IFN-γ	[108]
Gambogic acid	Garcinia harburyi	HaCaT; HUVEC	Mice	NF-κB; VEGF	ICAM-1, IL-17, IL-22, VEGFR2	[97]
Glucosides	Paeonia lactiflora Pall	-	Mice	STAT1/3; Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-6, IFN-γ, PCNA	[75]
Glycyrrhizin	Glycyrrhiza glabra	HaCaT	Mice	NF-κB; MAPK	ICAM-1	[92]
Honokiol	Magnolia officinalis	HUVEC; splenocytes	Mice	NF-κB; VEGF	TNF-α, IFN-γ, VEGFR2	[98]
Imperatorin	Angelica hirsutiflora	Neutrophils; bEnd.3	Mice	Akt; MAPK	Ki67, MPO, Ly6G	[109]
Indigodole D	Strobilanthes cusia	T cells	-	Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17	[35]
Isogarcinol	Garcinia mangostana L.	HaCaT	Mice	Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ	[36]
Luteolin	-	HaCaT; NHEK	-	NF-κB	IL-6, IL-8, VEGF	[52]
Marumoside A Niazirin Sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucoside	Moringa oleifera L.	THP-1	Mice	Th17 cell differentiation	IL-12, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23	[38]
Paeoniflorin	Paeonia lactiflora Pall	HaCaT	Mice	NF-κB	IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α	[49]
Saikosaponin A	Bupleurum Chinense	HEKa	Mice	NF-κB; NLRP3	TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8	[99]
Shikonin	Leptospermum erythrorhizon	HaCaT	Mice	JAK/STAT3	Caspase-3, cyclin E	[65]
Shikonin	Leptospermum erythrorhizon	HaCaT	-		Cyclin D1, p21, p53	[64]
Tussilagonone	Tussilago farfara	HaCaT	Mice	NF-κB; STAT3; Nrf2	IL-6, IL-23, TNF-α, S100A7, CXCL8	[93]
Vanillin	Vanilla planifolia	-	Mice	Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IL-23	[37]
Withasteroid B	Datura metel L.	PBMCs	Mice	JAK/STAT3; Th17 cell differentiation	IL-17, IL-10	[74]

BMDCs: bone-marrow derived dendritic cells; CXCL8: chemokine ligand 8; HUVEC: human umbilical vein endothelial cell; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; MPO: myeloperoxidase; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; NHEK: normal human epidermal keratinocyte; Nrf2: nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR2: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; -: not applicable

Declarations

Author contributions

The author contributed solely to the work.

Conflicts of interest

The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

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Funding

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Copyright

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