Table Info

Table 7.

Flavonoid subclasses and sources [20]

Flavonoids		Sample polyphenols	Sources
Simple flavonoids	Flavan-3-ols	(+)-catechins, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate	Green tea, chocolate, tree fruits, grapes, red wine
	Flavanones	Hesperetinnaringenin, eriodictyol	Citrus fruits and juices
	Flavones	Luteolin, apigenin	Parsley, celery seed, oregano
	Isoflavones	Daidzein, genistein, glycitein	Soybeans, soy-based foods
	Flavonols	Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin	Onions, apples, tea, berries
	Anthocyanidins	Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin	Most berries, stone fruits
Complex flavonoids	Condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins)	Procyanidins, prodelphinidins, propelargonidin	Chocolate, stone fruit (apples, pears), grapes, strawberries, cranberries, nut skins, cinnamon, beer, wine

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mrs. Belgin Berker Budak for her support for this research. We also thank Mrs. Begüm Buğdaycı Açıkkol, Director of Kobay Exper. Animals Inc., Turkey.

Author contributions

GGB conducted this study and wrote this paper with SÖ. MB edited this manuscript. GGB did the compound formulation and HPLC analysis. TŞ performed LC–MS–MS analysis. BM applied QTOF analysis. ŞSM did total phenolic and flavonoid content determination. CÇÇ proceeded In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests: In vivo acute/sub-acute oral toxicity and LD₅₀ studies. OT performed In vivo acute/sub-acute oral toxicity and LD₅₀ studies. MB assessed the tissue samples microscopically. SÖ made Statistical analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Institutional Review Board statement: the animal experiments were approved by the regional Ethical Committee for animal research. The licensing ethical committee approved the experiments, including any relevant details before the animal experiments (27.11.2020/514). The authors confirm that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant international guidelines and regulations. The authors also complied with the ARRIVE guidelines. All manipulations were made to minimize animal suffering and reduce the number of animals used.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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