From:  Clinical and health system factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV and AIDS: cross-sectional survey insights from three ART facilities in Tamale, Ghana

 Determinants of adherence to ART among PLHIV.

VariablesCategoriesn (%)Test statistic (Bivariate)COR (95% CI) (Multivariate)AOR (95% CI) (Multivariate)
Clinical factors
FatigueDisagree385 (92%)p = 0.0240.14 (0.03–0.77)*0.09 (0.02–0.37)*
Agree33 (8%)Ref*Ref*
Too many pillsDisagree369 (88%)p = 0.0220.11 (0.02–0.65)0.42 (0.12–1.51)
Agree49 (12%)Ref*Ref*
Pill odourDisagreed388 (93%)p = 0.01697.26 (2.32–4,075.16)7.78 (0.66–91.35)
Agreed30 (7%)Ref*Ref*
Pill sizeDisagreed255 (61%)p = 0.0344.90 (1.12–21.22)*3.71 (1.23–11.18)*
Agreed163 (39%)Ref*Ref*
Auditory hallucinationsDisagreed404 (97%)p = 0.0150.04 (0.01–0.20) 0.30 (0.04–2.02)
Agreed14 (3%)Ref*Ref*
Health system factors
High cost of accessing ARTDisagreed350 (84%)p = 0.0310.22 (0.06–0.87)*0.27 (0.10–0.73)*
Agreed68 (16%)Ref*Ref*
Social supportDisagreed327 (78%)p = 0.03311.48 (1.22–108.51)*6.62 (1.18–37.21)*
Agreed91 (22%)Ref*Ref*
Interrupted ART supplyDisagreed384 (92%)p = 0.02815.88 (1.34–187.65)*7.76 (1.02–59.30)*
Agreed34 (8%)Ref*Ref*
High cost of treating comorbiditiesDisagreed406 (97%)p = 0.0300.03 (0.01–0.18)0.19 (0.03–1.4)
Agreed12 (3%)Ref*Ref*
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Ref*: Reference; *: significant at p < 0.05; AOR (95% CI): adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence level; COR (95% CI): crude/unadjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence level.