Selected research on mushrooms with anticancer activity.
| Reference | Name of mushroom | Bioactive | Types of cancer(claimed) | Biological role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [14] | Morchella esculenta | - | Cancer* | Inhibits tumor |
| [15] | Auricularia polytricha | - | Colon cancer | Decreases proliferation, expression of cancer cells |
| [16] | Ganoderma lucidum | β-Glucan polysaccharides; triterpenoids | Breast cancer | Downregulates estrogen-α-receptors, NF-κB pathway, cellular migration, VEGF pathway, inhibits MMP-9, promotes anti-angiogenic effect, apoptosis in cancer cells |
| [17] | Ganoderma lucidum | 5,6-DehydroergosterolErgosterol peroxide | Breast cancer | Decreases cancer cell viability, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, reduces cell migration, invasion, and key signaling pathways in cancer cells |
| [18] | Ganoderma lucidum | - | Breast cancer | Synergistic combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) |
| [19] | Multiple species1 | - | Breast cancer | Synergistic combination with cannabinoids, cytotoxic activity |
| [20] | Multiple species2 | - | Cancers# | Synergistic combination with cannabinoids induces apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibits the VEGF pathway, migration, adhesion, or invasion of cancer cells, prevents angiogenesis of cancer cells, disrupts cancer cell growth, and restores normal cell cycle in cancer cells |
| [21] | Multiple species3 | - | Pancreatic cancer | Synergistic combination with THC, decreases IL-6 secretion, immune-stimulator |
| [22] | Pellinus linteus | Hispidine | Pancreatic cancer | A synergistic combination with gemcitabine, gefintip, cisplatin, paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, and 5-FU inhibits the growth of cancer cells |
| [23] | Phellinus igniarius | - | Lung cancer | Inhibits the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells |
| [24] | Multiple species4 | - | Cancers# | Inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells and increases the activity of T cells with no side effects |
| [25] | Phellinus linteus, Cordyceps bassiana | - | Cancers# | A synergistic combination with Lactobacillus plantarum strain inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells and tumors, and reduces side effects |
| [26] | Multiple species5 | Striatal C, Striatal C’, Striatal D | Cancers# | NA |
| [27] | Ganoderma microsporum | Immunomodulatory protein | Cancers# | Induces a specific active immune response of the immune cells against the tumor cells, enhancing immunogenicity without toxicity |
| [28] | Inonotus obliquus | Betulinic acids I and II | Cancers# | Inhibits cell viability and ATP levels of cancer cells |
| [29] | Ganoderma lucidum | - | Liver cancer | Synergistic combination with sorafenib inhibits the proliferation of HepG2 cells |
| [30] | Lentinula edodes | Bicyclic pyrrole aldehyde [3-ethyl-4-oxo-2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta(c)pyrrole-1-carbaldehyde] | Liver cancer | Inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells |
| [31] | Pleurotus ostreatus | Polysaccharide selenoside-II (heteropolysaccharide compound II modified with organic selenium) | Lung cancer | Inhibits the growth of non-small lung adenocarcinoma cells |
| [32] | Polysaccharide selenoside-III (heteropolysaccharide compound III modified with organic selenium) | Liver cancer | Apoptosis of HepG2 cells without damaging normal hepatocytes | |
| [33] | Colon cancer | Apoptosis of HCT116 cells without damaging the normal colon cell line | ||
| [34] | Breast cancer | Apoptosis of MCF-7 cells without damage to normal breast cells | ||
| [35] | Gastric cancer | Apoptosis of MGC803 cells without damage to normal cells | ||
| [36] | Prostate cancer | Apoptosis of PC-3 cells without damage to normal cells | ||
| [37] | Phellinus igniarius | - | Cancer | Inhibiting the proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells |
*: Cancer type is not specifically claimed; #: includes one or more from the list of cancers: lung, breast, brain, oral, esophageal, stomach, gastric, glioma, colon, liver, cervical, bladder, uterine, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, cutaneous, ovarian, gallbladder, biliary tract, thyroid, laryngeal, acute myeloid leukemia, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma, etc. 1: A. bisporus, G. lucidum, G. frondosa, L. edodes, T. versicolor; 2: A. blazei, A. confluens, A. camphorate, B. badius, C. maxima, C. militaris, C. sinensis, C. liangshanensis, C. gunnii, C. cicadicola, F. velutipes, F. fomentarius, F. trogii, G. lucidum, G. fondosa, H. erinaceus, I. umbrinella, I. olbiquus, L. flavidulus, L. edodes, P. linteus, P. ostreatus, S. commune, S. placidus, or T. versicolor; 3: G. lucidum, C. sinensis, G. frondosa, T. versicolor, C. versicolor, I. obliquus, L. edodes, A. blazei; 4: C. comatus, L. edodes, G. lucidum, P. ostreatus; 5: Cyathus striatus, L. edodes, Coprinus spp., Tremella spp. IL-6: interleukin-6; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; THC: tetrahydrocannabinol; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; ATP: adenosine triphosphate.
PB: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AM: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SW: Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
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