Exploration of Medicine

Table 1. Scientific and common names of mushrooms used in the review.

Sr. No.	Genus	Species	Common name
1	Agaricus	bisporus	Champignon Mushroom, Cultivated Mushroom, Button Mushroom, Common Mushroom
		blazei	Almond Mushroom, Almond Agaricus, Mushroom of The Sun, God’s Mushroom, Mushroom of Life, Royal Sun Agaricus, Jisongrong, Himematsutake
		brasiliensis
		rufotegulis
2	Agrocybe	cylindracea	Black Poplar Mushroom, Pioppino
2	Agrocybe	aegerita
3	Cyclocybe
4	Pholiota
5	Cyclocybe	spp.	Poplar Fieldcap, Poplar Mushroom, Velvet Pioppini
6	Albatrellus	confluens	Fused Polypore
6	Albatrellus	spp.	Sheep Polypore, Forest Lamb Mushroom
7	Amanita	spp.	Grisette, Grisette Amanita
8	Antrodia	camphorate	Stout Camphor
8	Antrodia	cinnamomea	Stout Camphor
9	Astraeus	asiaticus	False Earthstar, A Gasteroid Fungus, Wild Edible Mushroom
10	Auricularia	auricula	Wood Ear, Jew’S Ear, Cloud Ear, Jelly Ear, Throat Mushroom
		polytricha
		cornea
11	Imleria	badia	Bay Bolete
12	Polyporus
13	Boletus
13	Boletus	edulis	Cep, Penny Bun, Porcino, Porcini, Hog Mushrooms
14	Calvatia	spp.	Puffball Mushrooms
15	Cantharellus	cibarius	Golden Chanterelle, Girolle
16	Caripia	spp.	Pod Parachute
17	Clitocybe	maxima	Great Clitocybe, Large Funnel Cap, Large White Clitocybe, Big Cup Mushroom, Pig Stomach Mushroom, Big Cup Umbrella
18	Psilocybe	spp.	Magic, Hallucinogenic, Psychedelic, Psychoactive, Sacred, Saint Mushrooms, Gilled Mushrooms
19	Pluteus
20	Pholiotina
21	Panaeolus
22	Inocybe	umbrinella
23	Gymnopilus	spp.
24	Copelandia	spp.
25	Coprinus	comatus	Lawyer’s Wig
25	Coprinus	spp.	Shaggy Ink Cap, Shaggy Mane
26	Cordyceps	bassiana	Beauveria Bassiana
		cicadicola	Yartsa Gunbu, Yarshagumba, Yarchagumba, Yarsagumba, Keera Jhar, Keeda Jadi, Keeda Ghas, Ghaas Fafoond
		gunnii	Vegetable Caterpillar
		liangshanensis	Caterpillar Fungus	Chinese Caterpillar Fungus, Yartsa Gunbu
		liangshanensis		Orange Cordyceps
		militaris		Orange Cordyceps
27	Coriolus	versicolor	Turkey Tail, Many-Zoned Polypore
28	Polyporus
29	Trametes
30	Ceriporia	lacerata	White Rot Fungus
31	Coriolopsis	trogii
32	Funalia
33	Trametes
34	Pseudosperma	umbrinella
35	Craterellus	cornucopioides	Black Chanterelle, Black Trumpet, Trumpet of the Dead
36	Cyathus	spp.	Bird’S Nest Fungi
37	Daedalea	dickinsii	Daedalea
38	Daldinia	concentrica	King Alfred’s Cake, Cramp Balls, Coal Fungus
39	Dictyophora	indusiata	Veiled Lady, Bridal Veil Fungus, Bamboo Mushroom, Long Net Stinkhorn, Crinoline, Stinkhorn Basket
40	Phallus	indusiatus
41	Elaphomyces	granulatus	Deer Truffles
42	Flammulina	filiformis	Velvet Shank
42	Flammulina	velutipes	Velvet Shank
43	Fomes	fomentarius	Horseshoe Mushroom, Hoof Fungus, Tinder Fungus, Ice Man Fungus
44	Fomitopsis	officinalis	False Tinder Fungus, Hoof Fungus, Tinder Conk, Tinder Polypore, Ice Man Fungus
45	Ganoderma	applanatum	Jannabibulocho
		gibbbosum	Wood-Decay Fungi
		lucidum	Reishi, Lingzhi, Varnished Conk, Ling Chih
46	Geastrum	spp.	Earthstars
47	Grifola	frondosa	Maitake, Hen-Of-The-Woods, Ram’S Head, Sheep’S Head
48	Hericium	coralloides	Coral Tooth Fungus, Comb Coral Mushroom
		erinaceus	Lion’S Mane, Yamabushitake, Bearded Tooth Fungus, Bearded Hedgehog
		mollifolium
49	Hydnum	repandum	Sweet Tooth, Pig’s Trotter, Wood Hedgehog, Hedgehog Mushroom
50	Hypomyces	chrysospermus	White Moth Mushroom
51	Hypsizygus	ulmarius	Elm Oyster Mushroom
52	Inonotus	obliquus	Chaga, Birch Canker Polypore, Clinker Polypore, Birch Conk
53	Irpex	lacteus	Milk-White Toothed Polypore
54	Lactarius	deliciosus	Pineflower Mushrooms, Saffron Milk Caps, Red Pine Mushroom
54	Lactarius	flavidulus	Yellowish Milkcap, Yellowish Lactarius
55	Lentinula	edodes	Shiitake Mushrooms
56	Lentinus	spp.	Woodcaps, Sawgills
57	Leucopaxillus	Leucopaxillus	Arge , White Leucopax, Leucopaxillus
58	Lucid	ganoderma	Reishi, Varnished Conk, Ling Chih
59	Lyophyllum	spp.	Fried Chicken Mushroom, Clustered Domecap
60	Marasmius	oreades	Fairy Ring Mushroom, Scotch Bonnet
61	Morchella	esculenta	Morel, Yellow Morel, True Morel, Morel Mushroom, Sponge Morel, Guchhi
62	Ophiocordyceps	sinensis	Chinese Caterpillar Fungus, Yartsa Gunbu
63	Panus	rudis	Ruddy Panus, Hairy Trumpet
64	Phellinus	igniarius	Willow Bracket, Fire Sponge, False Tinder Polypore, Punk Ash Polypore, False Tinder Conk
64	Phellinus	linteus	Meshimakobu, Sanghuang, Sanghwang, Mesima, Black Hoof Mushroom
65	Pholiota	nameko	Nameko Mushroom, Pholiota Nameko, Butterscotch Mushroom
65	Pholiota	spp.	Shaggy Scalycap, The Shaggy Pholiota, The Scaly Pholiota
66	Pleurotus	spp.	Oyster Mushroom, Shaggy Scalycap, The Shaggy Pholiota, The Scaly Pholiota
		citrinopileatus	Golden Oyster
		cornucopiae	Branched Oyster Mushroom, Cornucopia Mushroom
		djamor	Pink Oyster Mushroom
		eryngii	King Trumpet Mushroom, Rench Horn Mushroom, Eryngi, King Oyster Mushroom, King Brown Mushroom, Boletus of The Steppes, Trumpet Royale, Aliʻi Oyster
		ostreatus	Oyster Fungus, Hiratake, Pearl Oyster Mushroom
		pulmonarius	Oyster Mushroom, Pollinosis Mushroom, Indian Oyster, Italian Oyster, Phoenix Mushroom, The Lung Oyster
67	Polyozellus	multiplex	Blue Chanterelle, Clustered Blue Chanterelle, Black Chanterelle
68	Polyporus	umbellatus	Umbrella Polypore
69	Poria	cocos	Fu-Ling, Hoelen, Tuckahoe, Indian Bread, China Root, China Tuckahoe, Matsuhodo
70	Russula	spp.	Russula, Brittlegills
71	Sarcodon	aspratus	Sarcodon, Toothed Hydnoid Fungus
72	Schizophyllum	commune	Split-Gill Mushroom, Common Split-Gill
73	Sparassis	crispa	Cauliflower Fungus, Wood Cauliflower, Cauliflower Mushroom, Zinnia mushroom
74	Stropharia	rugoso-annulata	Wine Cap Stropharia, Garden Giant, Burgundy Mushroom, King Stropharia
75	Suillus	placidus	Slippery White Bolete
75	Suillus	spp.	Slippery Jacks, Larch Boletes
76	Termitomyces	spp.	Termite Mushrooms
77	Naematelia Syn Tremella	aurantialba	Golden Ear Mushroom, Golden Ear
78	Tremella	fuciformis	Snow Fungus, Snow Ear, Silver Ear Fungus, White Jelly Mushroom, White Cloud Ears
79	Tricholoma	bakamatsutake	Fool’s Matsutake, Baka-Matsutake
		caligatum	True Booted Knight, Brown Matsutake, False Matsutake
		magnivelare	American Matsutake, White Matsutake, Ponderosa Mushroom, Pine Mushroom
		matsutake	Matsutake Mushroom, Pine Mushroom, Songi (Korea), Song-Koumo, Oak-Mushroom, Pine-Fungus (China)
		terreum	Grey Knight, Dirty Tricholoma, Earthy Tricholoma, Mouse Tricholoma
80	Volvariella	volvacea	Paddy Straw Mushroom, Straw Mushroom, Chinese Mushroom
81	Wolfiporia	extensa	Hoelen, Poria, Tuckahoe, China Root, Fu Ling, Matsuhodo
82	Xerocomus	spp.	Suede Bolete, Brown & Yellow Bolete, Boring Brown Bolete, Yellow-Cracked Bolete

Return to article view

Common genus classification for multiple associated species and vice versa is entered once. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edible_mushroom; https://www.mssf.org/cookbook/moreedible.html; https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/index1binom.php.

Declarations

Author contributions

PB: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AM: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SW: Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

References

Das AK, Nanda PK, Dandapat P, Bandyopadhyay S, Gullón P, Sivaraman GK, et al. Edible Mushrooms as Functional Ingredients for Development of Healthier and More Sustainable Muscle Foods: A Flexitarian Approach. Molecules. 2021;26:2463. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Kumar R, Singh R, Somashekar G. Waste to Wealth: India's case of Growing Consumption Demand for Mushrooms in Post Pandemic Era. AMA. 2022;53:11385–401.

Global Medicinal Mushroom Market Size and Trends [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 26]. Available from: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/industry-reports/global-medicinal-mushroom-market

Łysakowska P, Sobota A, Wirkijowska A. Medicinal Mushrooms: Their Bioactive Components, Nutritional Value and Application in Functional Food Production-A Review. Molecules. 2023;28:5393. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Hassan M, Shahzadi S, Ransom RF, Kloczkowski A. Nature’s Own Pharmacy: Mushroom-Based Chemical Scaffolds and Their Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:15596. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Kothari D, Patel S, Kim SK. Anticancer and other therapeutic relevance of mushroom polysaccharides: A holistic appraisal. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;105:377–94. [DOI] [PubMed]

Elkhateeb WA, Zaghlol GM, El-Garawani IM, Ahmed EF, Rateb ME, Abdel Moneim AE. Ganoderma applanatum secondary metabolites induced apoptosis through different pathways: In vivo and in vitro anticancer studies. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;101:264–77. [DOI] [PubMed]

Ejaz U, Afzal M, Naveed M, Amin ZS, Atta A, Aziz T, et al. Pharmacological evaluation and phytochemical profiling of butanol extract of L. edodes with in- silico virtual screening. Sci Rep. 2024;14:5751. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Wasser SP. Medicinal mushroom science: Current perspectives, advances, evidences, and challenges. Biomed J. 2014;37:345–56. [DOI] [PubMed]

10.

Elkhatee WA, Daba GM, Thomas PW, Wen TC. Medicinal mushrooms as a new source of natural therapeutic bioactive compounds. Egypt Pharm J. 2019;18:88–101. [DOI]

11.

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

12.

Panda SK, Sahoo G, Swain SS, Luyten W. Anticancer Activities of Mushrooms: A Neglected Source for Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15:176. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

13.

Medicinal Mushrooms (PDQ^®)–Patient Version [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 26]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/mushrooms-pdq

14.

Krishnankutty JK, Das S, Ajith TA, Raghavan AK, inventor. Defatted methanol extract of morel mushroom (gucchi) with antitumor activity. IN202441065865. 2024.

15.

Firdaus Z, Sari Felit GP, Sofy P, Subagyo KAH, Ujianto MA, inventor. The extraction process of ear fungi (Auricularia polytricha) uses ethanol as a colon cancer companion therapy. ID202200721. 2022.

16.

Mann KL, inventor. Herbal composition for breast cancer prevention. US12005092. 2021.

17.

Martinez M, Michelle M, Rivas F, inventor. Biologically active ganoderma lucidum compounds and synthesis of anticancer derivatives; ergosterol peroxide probes for cellular localization. US20220125805. 2019.

18.

Ma W, Du Ji, Wang L, Long Z, Huang X, Lin W, et al., inventor. Application of pharmaceutical composition in preparation of medicines for treating cancers. CN111544479. 2020.

19.

Oron E, Fares B, Melamed D, Angel I, Peretz T, inventor. Compositions for use as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of breast cancer. WO2023161921. 2022.

20.

Barnhill SD, inventor. Compositions and methods for treatment of cancers. US20230321167. 2020.

21.

Lamensdorf I, Levy Y, inventor. Fixed dose combination of cannabinoids and medical mushrooms for prevention and treatment of cancer, inflammatory or immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. US20220160801. 2019.

22.

Sun LD, Kee JD, Kwon TH, Kim HJ, DAE LJ, inventor. Pharmaceutical Composition for Combination Therapy with Anticancer Drug Comprising Hispidin. KR20200005306. 2018.

23.

Qi Z, Wang W, Liu X, Zhu D, inventor. Wild Phellinus linteus rich in various active ingredients and culture method and application thereof. CN114989986. 2022.

24.

Cho HH, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for anti-oxidant and anti-cancer comprising Coprinus comatus extract as effective material and manufacturing method for the same. KR102275715. 2020.

25.

Jang MH, Yang BG, Kim AR, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer using combination therapy comprising Lactobacillus plantarum strain and oriental medicine. KR20240040655. 2022.

26.

Fares F, Sharvit L, Wasser S, inventor. Composition and method for treating cancer. US20230226013. 2019.

27.

Lee FC, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition, use and method for applying ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein and keyhole limpet hemocyanin in carcinoma treatment. US20220273755. 2019.

28.

O’Dell Alisha S, inventor. Chaga mushroom-related formulations, chemical compounds, compositions and methods of production and use thereof. WO2024229097. 2023.

29.

Shao J, Shen J, Zhang W, Li W, Li Y, Wu C, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition with anti-hepatoma activity. CN116672372. 2023.

30.

Zhao Z, Si Y, Xue G, Zhi Y, He H, Du K, inventor. Bicyclic pyrrole aldehyde compound extracted from Lentinus edodes, and preparation method and application thereof. CN113831274. 2021.

31.

Zhong S, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang Z, Deng Z, Deng B, et al., inventor. Oyster mushroom polysaccharide selenoside-II, preparation method thereof and application thereof in preparation of medicines for specifically killing non-small lung adenocarcinoma. CN112321737. 2020.

32.

Zhong S, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang Z, Deng Z, Deng B, et al., inventor. Oyster mushroom polysaccharide selenoside-III anticancer active ingredient, preparation thereof and application thereof in preparation of anti-liver cancer drugs. CN112321736. 2019.

33.

Zhong S, Wang J, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Shen J, inventor. Application of oyster mushroom polysaccharide selenoside-III anticancer active ingredient in preparation of medicine for resisting colon cancer. CN112315973. 2020.

34.

Zhong S, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang Z, Deng Z, Shen J, inventor. Application of oyster mushroom polysaccharide selenoside-III anticancer active ingredient in preparation of breast cancer resisting medicine. CN112274530. 2020.

35.

Zhong S, Wang D, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Shen J, inventor. Application of oyster mushroom polysaccharide selenoside-III anticancer active ingredient in preparation of anti-gastric cancer drugs. CN112274529. 2020.

36.

Zhong S, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang Z, Deng Z, Shen J. Application of oyster mushroom polysaccharide selenoside-III anticancer active ingredient in preparation of medicine for resisting prostate cancer. CN112237588. 2020.

37.

Wang Ji, Zhang X, Li Q, Wang X, Wang Ji, Fang J, et al., inventor. Preparation method of lung cancer cell proliferation resistant active ingredient of Phellinus igniarius. CN112156115. 2020.

38.

Alves MJ, Ferreira IC, Dias J, Teixeira V, Martins A, Pintado M. A review on antimicrobial activity of mushroom (Basidiomycetes) extracts and isolated compounds. Planta Med. 2012;78:1707–18. [DOI] [PubMed]

39.

Hetland G, Johnson E, Bernardshaw SV, Grinde B. Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID-19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation? Scand J Immunol. 2021;93:e12937. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

40.

Thomas L, Julian M, inventor. Bioactive extract. US11857587. 2018.

41.

Piccolo F, Desiderio V, De Franciscis P, Prisco C, Grieco P, Stradella C, et al., inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of hpv infections. EP4046646. 2021.

42.

Naveen K, Srikumar R, inventor. Effect of Ganoderma extracts against clinically important biofilm producing fungal isolates from immunocompromised patients. IN202041007456. 2020.

43.

Sukmawati IK, Subarnas A, Rostinawati T, Sumiwi SA. Anti-Acne Mushrooms: A Review. Indones J Pharm. 2024. [DOI]

44.

Raper P, inventor. Skin care formulation for the treatment of acne. CA3092176. 2020.

45.

Piers R, inventor. Skin Care Formulation for the Treatment of Acne. US20220062333. 2021.

46.

Ika KS, inventor. The process of making antiacne medicines from the extraction and fraction of shitake mushrooms (lentinus edodes). IDS202202580. 2022.

47.

Sohn HY, Jung IC, Lee DH, inventor. Antimicrobial composition comprising the extract of songhwa mushroom fruiting body. KR20240048145. 2022.

48.

Chiyanagi T, Tadanori A, inventor. Anti-helicobacter active substance having coumarin skeleton. JP2021080207. 2019.

49.

Stephen B, inventor. Antiviral compositions and methods for their use. WO2022024097. 2021.

50.

Boonrat T, Chintana P, Natsajee N, Thongkoon P, Jantip S, inventor. An antiviral pharmaceutical composition with therapeutic agent originated from Astraeus asiaticus. WO2021257007. 2020.

51.

Wu CJ, Chen CC, Li IC, Chiang LH, Chen YP, inventor. Bioactive components of Phellinus linteus mycelia and its use in preparation of antiviral composition against enterovirus type 71. TWI755725. 2020.

52.

Wang K, Ma J, Yu C, Chen G, Sun H, inventor. Application of Phellinus igniarius or Phellinus igniarius extract as novel coronavirus therapeutic drug or antiviral preparation. CN113244276. 2021.

53.

Li N, Wang K, Ma J, Yu C, Chen G, Sun H, inventor. Application of Phellinus igniarius and Thesium chinense compound as novel coronavirus therapeutic drug or antiviral preparation. CN113230289. 2021.

54.

Chang CY, Chiou CM, Wang SM, Weng QF, Liu YC, Chou CY, inventor. Oral pharmaceutical composition with anti-periodontal bacteria adhesion function. TWI820946. 2022.

55.

Nam Y, inventor. Composition for prevention, amelioration or treatment of oral disease comprising Sarcodon aspratus extract as active ingredient. WO2024219846. 2023.

56.

Elsayed EA, El Enshasy H, Wadaan MA, Aziz R. Mushrooms: a potential natural source of anti-inflammatory compounds for medical applications. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:805841. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

57.

Rowaiye AB, Olobayotan I, Onuh OA, Bur D, Oni SO, Nwonu EJ, et al. Modulatory Effects of Mushrooms on the Inflammatory Signaling Pathways and Pro-inflammatory Mediators. Clin Complement Med Pharmacol. 2022;2:100037. [DOI]

58.

Hyoung YH, Jung HO, Seokjoo Y, Se-Myo P, Mi SC, Soojin K, inventor. Anti-inflammatory composition comprising Epimendium koreanum nakai, Polygala tenuifolia wild, and Polyporus umbellatus fries extracts or mixture thereof as active ingredient. US20240148810. 2021.

59.

Kim IK, inventor. Composition for improving kidney function and anti-inflammatory function comprising Morchella esculenta mushroom extract as active ingredients. KR20200030355. 2018.

60.

Stephen DB, inventor. Compositions and methods for treatment of inflammation. US20230293610. 2021.

61.

Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ma B, Wu D, Li W, Chen W, et al., inventor. Extraction method of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) sing fungus dregs, Lentinus edodes (Berk.) sing fungus dregs extract and application. CN113209144. 2021.

62.

Bae GS, Kweon BN, Kim DU, Oh JY, Park SJ, inventor. Composition for prevention improvement and treatment of neuroinflammation containing red ginseng extract cultivated with fermented complex mushroom-grain ripening strain as active ingredient. KR20240146830. 2023.

63.

Yap HY, Ariffeen Rosli MF, Tan SH, Kong BH, Fung SY. The Wound Healing Potential of Lignosus rhinoceros and Other Ethno-myco Wound Healing Agents. Mycobiology. 2023;51:1–15. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

64.

Cho KY, Choi JK. Pharmaceutical Fermented composition for treatment of wound. KR102072948. 2019.

65.

Jang JH, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of wound or diabetic foot/hand ulcers. KR20200047220. 2018.

66.

Yuan X, Yang H, Lin J, Xu S, inventor. Dressing containing polysaccharide as well as preparation method and application of dressing. CN117045844. 2023.

67.

Anil Kumar NV, Quispe C, Herrera-Bravo J, Herrera Belén L, Loren P, Salazar LA, et al. Potential of Mushrooms Bioactive for the Treatment of Skin Diseases and Disorders. J Food Bio. 2023;2023:5915769. [DOI]

68.

Shin YS, Oh MJ, Han JW, Park CH, inventor. Composition for the prevention and treatment of skin ailment including Pleurotus cornucopiae and complex extract as an active ingredient. KR102379555. 2019.

69.

Choi EJ, Park B, Lee J, Kim J. Anti-atopic dermatitis properties of Cordyceps militaris on TNFα/IFNγ-stimulated HaCaT cells and experimentally induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Phys Act Nutr. 2020;24:7–14. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

70.

Jang JH, Choi SH, Go BI, Yang JE, Hwang ES, inventor. Composition for improving for atopic dermatitis, pruritis, and inflammation comprising Sparasis crispa, vegetable worms, and tuber melanosporum as active ingredient. KR102514502. 2020.

71.

Kim HY, No JW, Kim HS, Park SH, Ryu DH, Jo JY, et al., inventor. Composition for treatment, prevention or reducing atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or dermatitis comprising ganoderic acid. KR102608571. 2022.

72.

Kim SH, Song KS, Jang YH, Lee SY, Jeong NH, Choi YA, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating atopic dermatitis comprising polyozellin. KR102129603. 2019.

73.

Ayala-Fontánez N, Soler DC, McCormick TS. Current knowledge on psoriasis and autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2016;6:7–32. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

74.

Shaochi H, inventor. Method for treatment of psoriasis. US20220362318. 2022.

75.

Zhai CZ, Quangang Z, Chenchen T, Zongguang JM, inventor. A keratinocyte function protective agent and its preparation method and application. CN118403094. 2024.

76.

Li C, Wu G, Zhao H, Dong N, Wu B, Chen Y, et al. Natural-Derived Polysaccharides From Plants, Mushrooms, and Seaweeds for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:651813. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

77.

Kim TJ, Kim SY, inventor. Composition for improving intestinal microbiota comprising Phellinus linteus extract. KR20240019692. 2023.

78.

Natalia P, Bill P, Najla G, Andrew C, inventor. Psilocybin derived compositions and methods using same. US20230089848. 2022.

79.

Motta F, Gershwin ME, Selmi C. Mushrooms and immunity. J Autoimmun. 2021;117:102576. [DOI] [PubMed]

80.

Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Ahmad MZ, Patowary P, et al. Immunomodulatory effect of mushrooms and their bioactive compounds in cancer: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;149:112901. [DOI] [PubMed]

81.

Jihyun L, inventor. Producing method of mushroom crude drug compositon for enhencing immune system and composition produced by the method. KR102368682. 2021.

82.

Yoon SH, Park SK, Hyun SH, Kim SW, Hong GK, Jong SI, inventor. Composition for enhancing immunity comprising complex of red ginseng extract and Lentinula edodes mycelium extract. KR20240057497. 2022.

83.

Joe T, Brody M, David L, Hans W, inventor. Immunomodulatory compositions and uses thereof. US20210113637. 2018.

84.

Heewan K, inventor. Compositions for enhancing an immune function and comprising the extract of Stilleil pyrone extracted from Phellinus linteus KACC93057P as an active ingredient and a method for producing the same. KR102139265. 2018.

85.

Wang L, Wang Y, Wang S, Yu J, Yuan Q, Xia Y, inventor. Agaricus bisporus polysaccharide with immunoregulatory activity and application thereof. CN116948048. 2022.

86.

Mao YZ, Nan ZB, inventor. Ganoderma lucidum β glucan GLBG component and preparation process and application thereof. CN111116773. 2020.

87.

Heo Y, Kim M, Suminda GGD, Min Y, Zhao Y, Ghosh M, et al. Inhibitory effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil on rheumatoid arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;157:114067. [DOI] [PubMed]

88.

Meng M, Yao J, Zhang Y, Sun H, Liu M. Potential Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Activities and Mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides. Molecules. 2023;28:2483. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

89.

Son YO, Heo YJ, Kim MG, Park YJ, Yang JW, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for treating arthritis, comprising supercritical extraction of Ganoderma lucidum spores. WO2024101787. 2022.

90.

Kim JO, Kim S, Nam WO, Kyon HS, IM HH, Jeon YH, et al., inventor. Composition for preventing or treating rheumatoid arthritis comprising Pinellia ternata, Wolfiporia extensa, Magnolia Officinalis, Perilla frutescens var. acuta and Zingiber officinale as active ingredients. KR20230073516. 2021.

91.

Kim YM, Kim JY, Yoo JH, inventor. A pharmaceutical composition for treating arthritis comprising natural extracts which regulate an activity of immune cells of mesenteric lymph node in mesentery. KR102313557. 2019.

92.

SRai SN, Mishra D, Singh P, Vamanu E, Singh MP. Therapeutic applications of mushrooms and their biomolecules along with a glimpse of in silico approach in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;137:111377. [DOI] [PubMed]

93.

Zheng SF, Chen CC, Chen YL, Lin S, Lin TW, Lee LY, et al., inventor. Use of pharmaceutical compositions to improve central nervous system myelination prepared by Helicin-elinaseus mycelium extract. JP6952812. 2019.

94.

Radka M, James M, Calum H, inventor. Dosing regimens of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical mushroom and cannabis compositions and their use to treat CNS disorders and improve mental health. WO2022187973. 2022.

95.

Mathew SM, John AJ, inventor. Psilocybin and norbaeocystin compositions and methods of treatment. WO2022150840. 2022.

96.

Rootman JM, Kiraga M, Kryskow P, Harvey K, Stamets P, Santos-Brault E, et al. Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls. Sci Rep. 2022;12:11091. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

97.

Neumann J, Dimov K, Azatsian K, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Effects of psilocin and psilocybin on human 5-HT₄serotonin receptors in atrial preparations of transgenic mice and humans. Toxicol Lett. 2024;398:55–64. [DOI] [PubMed]

98.

Justin K, inventor. Deep eutectic solvent including one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients derived from mushrooms. US20230310528. 2023.

99.

Justin K, inventor. Deep eutectic solvent including one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients derived from mushrooms. CA3186405. 2023.

100.

John CG, Michael JM, inventor. Novel psychedelic compositions, delivery systems and therapeutic uses thereof. US20230364115. 2021.

101.

Yoon CW, Park YS, inventor. Composition comprising extract of Pleurotus eryngii for anti-depression. KR20220017342. 2020.

102.

Cheol WY, inventor. Antidepressant composition containing pleurotus eryngii extract as active ingredient. US20230302071. 2020.

103.

Already YP, Bo KK, Young YY, Chang SK, Kim RY, inventor. Composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating stress and depression comprising medicinal herb complex extract as active ingredient. WO2020130198. 2018.

104.

Takanor T, Akitomo M, inventor. Stress-induced cognitive dysfunction improving composition and pharmaceutical, food and drink, and feed including the same. JP2024065497. 2022.

105.

Thomas L, Kulian M, inventor. Compositions comprising fungal bioactive compounds, and related apparatus and methods to treat, ameliorate or prevent depression or diseases and/or conditions with allergic responses. AU2023285828. 2023.

106.

Stephan B, inventor. Compositions and methods for treatment of psychoses and psychotic disorders. WO202218709. 2021.

107.

Xu YH, Zhongqian Z, Zhiyuan WB, Peng WT, Joe ZJ, inventor. Needle mushroom water extract with high gamma-aminobutyric acid content and preparation method thereof. CN113229494. 2021.

108.

Luo J, Ganesan K, Xu B. Unlocking the Power: New Insights into the Anti-Aging Properties of Mushrooms. J Fungi (Basel). 2024;10:215. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

109.

Apparoo Y, Wei Phan C, Rani Kuppusamy U, Chan EWC. Potential role of ergothioneine rich mushroom as anti-aging candidate through elimination of neuronal senescent cells. Brain Res. 2024;1824:148693. [DOI] [PubMed]

110.

Abdelkader ME, Mediatrice H, Lin D, Lin Z, Aggag SA. Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Promoting Cellular Longevity with Mushroom Extracts. Foods. 2024;13:4028. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

111.

Yuichiro O, Masahiro F, Katsumasa M, Takaaki Y, inventor. Proliferation promoter for stem cells. JP7287653. 2019.

112.

Masahiro F, Katsumasa M, Takaaki Y, inventor. Neural stem cell differentiation promoter. JP7344536. 2019.

113.

Masahiro F, Katsumasa M, Takaaki Y, inventor. Dermal stem cell differentiation promoter. JP7365664. 2019.

114.

Yuichiro O, Katsumasa M, Takaaki Y, inventor. Hematopoietic stem cell differentiation promoter. JP7426059. 2019.

115.

Chen Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Chen H, Chen Y, Hao Y, inventor. Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide and its application in preparing pharmaceutical preparations. CN117986398. 2024.

116.

Xu X, Tan J, Meng L, inventor. Extraction composition containing medicinal layer porus and application thereof. CN117653566. 2023.

117.

Hwang JG, Lee MS, Kim KH, inventor. Composition for improvement, treatment or prevention of muscular disorders, or improvement of muscular functions comprising chaga. KR102517662. 2022.

118.

Chin CC, I-Chen L, Tsung JL, Ting YL, Yen PC, inventor. Method for improving sarcopenia by using Phellinus linteus. US11944659. 2020.

119.

Lindequist U, Haertel B. Medicinal Mushrooms for Prevention and Therapy of Osteoporosis (Review). Int J Med Mushrooms. 2021;23:13–22. [DOI] [PubMed]

120.

Park JM, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating osteoarthritis. KR102612962. 2021.

121.

Kim BH, Yoon YC, Kim JG, Lee JH, Park YE, Kwon KS, inventor. Composition for prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis, diabetes and obesity comprising fermented Tremella fuciformis berk. KR20200065170. 2018.

122.

An GH, Jo JH, Kim OT, Han JG, inventor. A composition for preventing or treating osteoporosis comprising contains the active ingredient of water extract of Auricularia auricula. KR102582255. 2020.

123.

Kim KM, Park HB, Kim CD, Yang GH, Park JH, inventor. Composition comprising extract of Lentinula edodes and uses thereof. KR20210105176. 2020.

124.

Wang QL, Yuliu D, inventor. A kind of oyster mushroom galactomannan and its preparation method and use. CN111704678. 2020.

125.

Rahul M. Anti-thrombotic Attribute of Different Type of Mushrooms. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2020;9:815–20. [DOI]

126.

Rhee MH, Yun BS, Muhammad I, inventor. Composition for prevention or treatment of thrombotic diseases, comprising an extract of Tremella fuciformis as an active ingredient. KR20230114895. 2022.

127.

Lee MH, Yoon BS, Muhammad I, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition of compound extracted from Panus rudis as an effective components for prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases. KR102632671. 2021.

128.

Sohn HY, Kim JS, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition comprising the extract of ganoderma gibbosum fruiting body as an effective component for prevention or treatment of thrombosis and health functional food comprising the same. KR20240048690. 2022.

129.

Sohn HY, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition and health functional food containing extract of fruiting body of ganoderma lucidum as active ingredient for prevention or treatment of thrombosis. US20240131098. 2022.

130.

Son HY, Park JI, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition comprising the extraction of spent mushroom substrate for lentinus edodes as an effective component for prevention or treatment of thrombosis and health functional food comprising the same. KR102128625. 2018.

131.

Sohn HY, Kim JS, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition comprising the extract of songhwa mushroom fruiting body as an effective component for prevention or treatment of thrombosis and health functional food comprising the same. KR20240048685. 2022.

132.

Yuichiro O, Katsumasa M, Takaaki Y, Kosuke F, Tsutomu S, inventor. Hematopoietic stem cell differentiation promoter. JP7317358. 2019.

133.

Liu Y, Kong F, Shu F, Wang D, Zhang Z, inventor. Agaricus bisporus polysaccharide extract and its preparation method and application. CN116789867. 2023.

134.

Zhang Y, Zhang X, Nan L, Chen Y, Li H, Xu W, inventor. A kind of pharmaceutical composition for treating cerebral apoplexy and its preparation method and application. CN116173096. 2023.

135.

Tripathi A, Sharma I, inventor. A process for extraction of methanolic extract having haemostatic properties from wild irpex lacteus mushroom and composition thereof. IN201911031030. 2019.

136.

Shamim MZ, Mishra AK, Kausar T, Mahanta S, Sarma B, Kumar V, et al. Exploring Edible Mushrooms for Diabetes: Unveiling Their Role in Prevention and Treatment. Molecules. 2023;28:2837. [DOI]

137.

Mustafa F, Chopra H, Baig AA, Avula SK, Kumari S, Mohanta TK, et al. Edible Mushrooms as Novel Myco-Therapeutics: Effects on Lipid Level, Obesity and BMI. J Fungi (Basel). 2022;8:211. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

138.

Babarikins D, Vegers A, Batraks D, Lodman TT, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition containing humic substances. LV15484. 2019.

139.

Byoung CK, Jianmin L, inventor. Mycelial culture of Irpex lacteus and composition comprising same as active ingredient for prevention and treatment of diabetes meillitus. US20240207337. 2021.

140.

Nishizono S, Hase S, Shirato J, Kawatani A, inventor. Lipid metabolism improver containing pleurotus citrinopileatus or processed product thereof as active ingredient. JP2022169385. 2021.

141.

Kang DS, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition and health functional food comprising extract of mycelium from Ceriporia lacerate. KR20200119939. 2019.

142.

Yun MY, Choi HJ, Kim SH, inventor. Composition for preventing or treating of obesity comprising Lentinus edodes mycelial culture. KR20240010279. 2022.

143.

Kim G, Kim D, Kwon O, Park K, Park G, inventor. A composition for prevention and treatment of obesity comprising a novel strain of Auricularia polytricha. KR102179636. 2018.

144.

Barnhill S, inventor. Compositions and methods for promoting weight loss and for treatment of obesity. WO2022024096. 2020.

145.

Zhang B, Lin Z, Wang Y, Guo P, inventor. A new Chinese medicinal composition for regulating lipid metabolism and improving gastrointestinal dysfunction. CN112641894. 2020.

146.

Zhao S, Zhang S, Zhang W, Gao Y, Rong C, Wang H, et al. First demonstration of protective effects of purified mushroom polysaccharide-peptides against fatty liver injury and the mechanisms involved. Sci Rep. 2019;9:13725. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

147.

Cheng JT, Wang HM, Yu JH, Sun CF, Cao F, Jiang XH, et al. Discovery of a Potential Liver Fibrosis Inhibitor from a Mushroom Endophytic Fungus by Genome Mining of a Silent Biosynthetic Gene Cluster. J Agric Food Chem. 2021;69:11303–10. [DOI] [PubMed]

148.

Urushima H, Matsubara T, Qiongya G, Daikoku A, Takayama M, Kadono C, et al. AHCC inhibited hepatic stellate cells activation by regulation of cytoglobin induction via TLR2-SAPK/JNK pathway and collagen production via TLR4-NF-κβ pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2024;327:G741–53. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

149.

Yu LW, Judy C, inventor. Use and pharmaceutical composition for liver fibrosis prevention and/or treatment. US10945991. 2018.

150.

Wang Y, Chen J, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for prevention and / or treatment of liver fibrosis and application thereof. JP6633717. 2018.

151.

Yueqiu G, Junjie S, Xuehua S, Man L, Yanxu C, Zhenhua Z, et al., inventor. Hepatoprotective traditional chinese medicine composition, extract thereof, and pharmaceutical use thereof. US20210169961. 2018.

152.

Wang Z, Tang Y, Meiling H, Xu G, Yu J, inventor. Ganoderma lucidum whole medicine compound phosphatidylserine fat emulsion preparation containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil. CN118806804. 2024.

153.

Lee TH, Ghim JW, inventor. Pharmaceutical Composition or Health Functional Food for Prevention and Treatment of Obesity Containing Powder of Novel Hybrid Mushroom as Active Ingredient. US20230146268. 2020.

154.

Chen B, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Lin H, Lin X, inventor. Preparation method of straw mushroom polypeptide with antioxidant activity and liver protection effect. CN115772550. 2022.

155.

van der Meer PB, Fuentes JJ, Kaptein AA, Schoones JW, de Waal MM, Goudriaan AE, et al. Therapeutic effect of psilocybin in addiction: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1134454. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

156.

Babak G, John B, inventor. Cannabinoid, drug addiction treatment and menthol compositions and methods. US20240382503. 2023.

157.

Mai N, inventor. Composition for treating opioid withdrawal and method of manufacture. US20220218649. 2021.

158.

Huang TH, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for treating or alleviating hangover from alcohol, and use thereof. WO2022188762. 2021.

159.

Goel A, Rai Y, Sivadas S, Diep C, Clarke H, Shanthanna H, et al. Use of Psychedelics for Pain: A Scoping Review. Anesthesiology. 2023;139:523–36. [DOI] [PubMed]

160.

Santi L, Mondello L, Notti A, Cacciotti I, Cuzzocrea S, inventor. Delivery system for the controlled release of psychedelic compound, pharmaceutical composition and uses thereof. WO2024079648. 2022.

161.

Kuehn P, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition containing champignon extract and peppermint and methods of use thereof. US20220280585. 2021.

162.

Xiao W, Wang Z, Cheng N, Wang Z, Zhu K, inventor. Traditional Chinese medicine composition and preparation method and application thereof. US11576942. 2018.

163.

Yuan J, Fu Y, Yang Z, Wu Y, Xu Y, Xing H, inventor. A kind of compound composition with homology of medicine and food and its application. CN113648386. 2021.

164.

Dai J, Hou F, Dai X, Nie W, Zou Q, Tang X, et al., inventor. A kind of Poria medicinal composition for improving dampness symptoms and preparation method thereof. CN115245541. 2021.

165.

Shahid A, Chen M, Yeung S, Parsa C, Orlando R, Huang Y. The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum prevents lung tumorigenesis induced by tobacco smoke carcinogens. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1244150. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

166.

Be X, Ren X, inventor. Pharmaceutical compositions and use thereof. US20220054573. 2020.

167.

Chen C, Zhu L, Huang Y, Wu C, Zhou Y, Jin L, inventor. Use of composition containing active ingredient of ganoderma lucidum. CN117860792. 2024.

168.

Piontkowski S, inventor. Controlled release formulations of multiple active pharmaceutical agents, and psilocybe-derived agents in combination with cannabis-derived agents and methods for their use. WO2021016710. 2019.

169.

Rhee JS, Park DG, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for burn treatment using castor extract. KR20230158248. 2022.

170.

Park DJ, Kim JE, Park HK, inventor. Composition for preventing or treating dry eye syndrome, containing sparassis crispa extract. WO2021141192. 2020.

171.

Barnhill S, inventor. Compositions for treatment of interstitial cystitis and other bladder disease. WO2022091050. 2020.

172.

Yang Y, Zhang J, Gao Y, Yang R, Dai X, Zhou X, inventor. Pharmaceutical composition for chronic renal failure and preparation method and application thereof. CN113952419. 2021.

173.

Kim J, inventor. Composition for prevention or treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia comprising Agaricus blazei mycelial liquid culture extract. KR102121400. 2018.

174.

Lee MM, inventor. Lipid particle structure containing mushroom extract. TWM654788. 2023.

175.

Schoch JJ, inventor. Compositions and therapeutic methods for treating chronic sequalae following viral infections. US20240115590. 2022.

176.

Huang Z, Deng J, Huang S, inventor. Medicinal and edible composition as well as preparation method and application thereof. CN110772595. 2019.