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From: Liquid biopsy for minimal residual disease and monitoring in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: current clinical utility and implementation challenges

Table 3. Analytical performance and predictive accuracy of ctDNA-based MRD detection in NSCLC

Studies	Sampling volume of plasma	Lead time (days)	N (patients)	N (samples)	Platform	LoD	Sensitivity (MRD+/Rec+)	Specificity (MRD–/Rec–)	PPV(Rec+/MRD+)	NPV(Rec–/MRD–)
Chaudhuri 2017 [7]	4–5 mL	156	40	255	CAPP-Seq	0.01%	94.4% (17/18)	100% (14/14)	100% (17/17)	93.3% (14/15)
Chen 2019 DYNAMIC [18]	10 mL	165	26	196	cSMART	0.01%	60% (6/10)	93.8% (15/16)	85.7% (6/7)	78.9% (15/19)
Isaksson 2019 [23]	1.0–1.6 mL	NA	58	NA	ddPCR	0.01%	24% (6/25)	97% (32/33)	85.7% (6/7)	62.7% (32/51)
Ohara 2020 [26]	3.4 mL	NA	20	NA	CAPP-Seq	0.02%	80% (4/5)	66.7% (10/15)	44.4% (4/9)	90.9% (10/11)
Kuang 2020 [24]	NA	NA	38	114	NGS	0.01%	44.4% (4/9)	84.6% (22/26)	50.0% (4/8)	81.5% (22/27)
Peng 2020 [28]	2 mL	378	77	276	cSMART	0.01%	54.3% (19/35)	69.4% (25/36)	63.3% (19/30)	61.0% (25/41)
Moding 2020 [20]	0.3–8.15 cc	123	65	218	CAPP-Seq	0.01%	75.0% (6/8) [Early-on ICI]	92.9% (13/14)	85.7% (6/7)	86.7% (13/15)
Qiu 2021 [16]	NA	88	103	326	NGS	0.01%	79.4% (27/34)	85.5% (47/55)	77.1% (27/35)	87.0% (47/54)
Waldeck 2021 [29]	0.36–8.0 mL	NA	33	96	NGS	0.01%	50.0% (4/8)	100.0% (8/8)	100.0% (4/4)	66.7% (8/12)
Xia 2022 LUNGCA-1 [17]	3.5–4 mL	NA	330	950	Targeted NGS	0.10%	30.0% (21/70)	98.1% (254/259)	80.8% (21/26)	83.8% (254/303)
Zhang 2022 [30]	2–10 mL	102	245	652	NGS	0.01%	36.2% (17/47), 87.2% (41/47) [longitudinal]	97.9% (194/198), 97.3% (184/189) [longitudinal]	80.9% (17/21), 89.1% (41/46) [longitudinal]	86.6% (194/224), 96.8% (184/190) [longitudinal]
Li 2022 [25]	5–10 mL blood	261	119	598	Targeted NGS	0.10%	62.5% (20/32)	80% (68/85)	54.1% (20/37)	85% (68/80)
Abbosh 2023 TRACERx [21]	0.5–4 mL	119	197	1,069	Signatera NGS	0.02%	49.0% (25/51)	96.5% (55/57)	92.6% (25/27)	67.9% (55/81)
Chen 2023 PROPHET [15]	4–5 mL	299	181	760	PROPHET algorithm	0.004%	84.2% (16/19) [longitudinal]	92.3% (7/91)	69.6% (16/23)	96.6% (84/87)
Gale 2022 LUCID [19]	up to 4 mL	212.5	88	363	RaDaR assay	0.01%	34.5% (10/29)	100% (32/32)	100% (10/10)	65.3% (32/49)
Pan 2023 [27]	10 mL blood	120	139	761	ER-seq	0.01%	67.9% (57/84)	71.4% (30/42)	82.6% (57/69)	52.6% (30/57)
Zhang 2023 [31]	10 mL blood	NA	73	NA	NGS	0.01%	71.4% (15/21)	88.5% (46/52)	71.4% (15/21)	88.5% (46/52)
Bossé 2024 MCED [22]	> 2 mL	NA	260	260	Methylation-based MCED	NA	73.3% (63/86)	35.1% (61/174)	35.8% (63/176)	72.6% (61/84)

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NA: information not available; NGS: next-generation sequencing; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer

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YS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Supervision.

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