Exploration of Medicine

Table 3. Comparative assessment of SMAD parameters in patients with hypertension on the background of ongoing therapy

Indicator		Group 1 of АН without MS M (95% CI)	Group 2 AН and MS M (95% CI)	Group 3 AН and DМ M (95% CI)
Daily SBP, mmHg	Initially	163.1 (150.0–176.3)	164.0 (149.5–173.4)	167.8 (147.5–178.9)^∆^*
Daily SBP, mmHg	At the end of observation	133.7 (110.0–149.4)^"	136.0(114.8–149.3)^"	138.2 (116.6–150.7)^"
Daily DBP, mmHg	Initially	95.7 (89.1–98.3)	96.2 (89.0–98.7)	96.3 (87.4–99.3)
Daily DBP, mmHg	At the end of observation	82.0 (64.6–86.8)^"	82.7 (70.7–93.8)^"	8.8 (69.8–89.0)^"
Day SBP, mmHg	Initially	163.9 (150.9–192.6)	165.3 (156.2–178.7)	168.9 (148.3–179.5)^∆^*
Day SBP, mmHg	At the end of observation	137.2 (118.6–149.4)^"	138.2 (120.7–151.8)^"	138.9 (121.6–152.3)^"
Day DBP, mmHg	Initially	96.8 (89.6–98.3)	97.8 (90.0–98.7)	98.0 (89.4–104.4)
Day DBP, mmHg	At the end of observation	83.0 (65.7–88.2)^"	83.4 (71.2–94.5)^"	83.9 (65.2–89.0)^"
Night SBP, mmHg	Initially	140.2 (120.7–175.0)	139.8 (108.8–159.2)	142.8 (115.3–174.5)
Night SBP, mmHg	At the end of observation	127.8 (110.5–141.3)^"	130.3 (118.6–132.5)^"	131.8 (104.6–135.9)^"∆
Night DBP, mmHg	Initially	88.5 (76.0–96.5)	91.2 (76.8–97.1)^#	93.1 (77.3–99.3)^∆*
Night DBP, mmHg	At the end of observation	79.8 (72.6–85.9)^"	82.4 (73.7–90.2)^"	82.8 (65.6–84.7)^"∆
Daily HR, bpm	Initially	70.7 (60.3–90.4)	73.3 (63.5–92.2)	75.4 (62.0–93.5)^∆
Daily HR, bpm	At the end of observation	69.6 (58.0–74.1)^"	70.7 (63.3–74.0)^"	70.3 (56.6–75.4)^"
Daily SBP TI, %	Initially	65.6 (29.2–90.0)	69.5 (30.8–97.5)	72.8 (30.4–100.0)^∆*
Daily SBP TI, %	At the end of observation	33.1 (12.2–48.5)^"	33.4 (16.1–54.2)^"	30.3 (13.7–54.2)^"∆
Daily SBP AI, conventional units	Initially	142.2 (122.2–231.0)	140.5 (119.5–179.5)	157.8 (123.0–304.4)^∆*
Daily SBP AI, conventional units	At the end of observation	43.3 (20.8–70.5)^"	67.9 (66.9–89.7)^"#	56.9 (43.8–101.2)^"∆*
Daily DBP TI, %	Initially	45.2 (16.3–67.3)	50.8 (26.7–72.3)^#	69.2 (20.4–82.4)^∆*
Daily DBP TI, %	At the end of observation	28.2 (0.0–31.7)^"	22.4 (1.4–34.5)^"	35.1 (12.8–41.8)^"∆
Daily DBP AI, conventional units	Initially	89.4 (65.6–110.6)	100.7 (85.2–133.9)^#	110.4 (72.3–150.6)^∆*
Daily DBP AI, conventional units	At the end of observation	33.9 (8.8–52.7)^"	40.6 (2.9–77.7)^"#	38.7 (4.8–85.3)^"*
Daily SBP GHI, %	Initially	151.6 (128.6–189.6)	163.2 (126.7–213.0)	187.3 (129.0–220.2)^∆*
Daily SBP GHI, %	At the end of observation	62.4 (43.5–110.3)^"	72.3 (36.4–109.2)^"#	63.7 (24.8–99.7)^"*
Daily DBP GHI, %	Initially	107.3 (86.4–142.8)	107.1 (90.5–148.6)	121.2 (87.2–161.1)^∆*
Daily DBP GHI, %	At the end of observation	48.3 (12.6–86.3)^"	50.7 (12.8–90.2)^"	53.8 (12.0–95.4)^"∆*
Daily SBP BPV, mmHg	Initially	13.4 (6.7–18.3)	14.5 (11.5–19.8)^#	15.6 (12.4–22.2)^∆
Daily SBP BPV, mmHg	At the end of observation	12.0 (7.0–14.5)^"	13.1 (6.6–16.4)^"	13.9 (8.9–19.0)^"∆
Daily DBP BPV, mmHg	Initially	9.7 (6.2–11.5)	10.4 (6.3–11.6)	11.7 (9.2–17.3)^∆
Daily DBP BPV, mmHg	At the end of observation	8.4 (5.3–10.6)^"	8.8 (7.2–10.7)	10.6 (8.3–14.8)^*∆

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^# P < 0.05 when comparing the 1st and 2nd groups; ^∆ P < 0.05 when comparing the 1st and 3rd groups; ^* P < 0.05 when comparing the 2nd and 3rd groups; ^" P < 0.05 when comparing the intragroup comparison (initially and at the end of the study). M is the mean value. AH: arterial hypertension; MS: metabolic syndrome; DM: diabetes mellitus; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; TI: time index; AI: area index; GHI: general hyperbaric index; BPV: blood pressure variability

Declarations

Author contributions

AAS: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. MAO: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. INV: Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MVT: Project administration, Writing—original draft. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was carried out taking into account international rules and ethical standards developed on the basis of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki «Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects». The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Sechenov University (Extract from the Protocol of the 17–24 meeting dated 04.07.2024).

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Informed consent to publication was obtained from relevant participants.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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