From:  Microbiota recruitment for brain cancer management

 Key microbiota-related factors influencing brain tumor progression and therapy response

FactorMechanismImpact on brain cancer
DysbiosisInflammatory cytokine releasePromotes tumor progression
ProbioticsModulation of immune cellsEnhances ICI efficacy
AntibioticsMicrobiota depletionReduced therapy response
Bacterial tropismTargeted deliveryIncreases drug specificity
Microbiota metabolitesEpigenetic regulationAlters tumor gene expression
Intratumoral bacteriaLocal immune effectsModulates microenvironment

ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor