Table Info

Table 6.

Clinical criteria of the studied groups regarding cognitive impairment

Variable	PD with cognitive impairment (n = 33)	PD without cognitive impairment (n = 47)	p value
Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y)	3.4 ± 0.96	1.4 ± 0.5	< 0.001^*
UPDRS	101.1 ± 34.83	47.2 ± 18.27	< 0.001^*
BDI	39.4 ± 7.15	8.8 ± 3.41	< 0.001^*
SDMT	36.5 ± 5.5	46.7 ± 8.89	< 0.001^*
BVMT-R	19.03 ± 4.86	22.7 ± 5.57	0.008^*
CVLT-II	39.3 ± 17.15	64.3 ± 7.8	< 0.001^*
CVLT-II delayed recall	7.9 ± 4.09	14.0 ± 1.57	< 0.001^*
MoCA score	22.4 ± 3.98	27.1 ± 1.42	< 0.001^*
HAM-A	28.4 ± 11.74	7.1 ± 3.5	< 0.001^*

^* Data is significant, p value < 0.05. UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test; BVMT-R: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; CVLT-II: California Verbal Learning Test-II; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HAM-A: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale

Declarations

Author contributions

AAG: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. NHE: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. AES: Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. AE: Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt (Approval number: Near-Med._78 Predictors Of Cognitive Impairment In Egyptian Patients With Parkinson’s Disease._000078), and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Informed consent to publication was obtained from relevant participants.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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