Potential vaccine improvement strategies and expectations
| Strategy | Approach | Expectations |
|---|---|---|
| Vector engineering | Mutations | Less cytotoxic vectors, prolonged transgene expression Tumor targeting Targeting APCs for improved immunogenicity |
| Antigens | taRNA | Use of minimal vectors, easier handling, and readiness |
| Oncolytic viruses | Tumor targeting and killing | |
| Pseudoviruses | Introduction of tumor targeting epitopes Introduction of immunogenic epitopes | |
| Protein and epitope optimization | Improved immune responses Combination of epitopes for a larger spectrum of immunogenicity | |
| Epitope selection | Identification of tumor-specific epitopes on cancer cells More potent personalized immune responses | |
| RNA delivery | Stabilization | Improved resistant to degradation, longer RNA half-life |
| Encapsulation | Improved stability, delivery, prolonged circulation in vivo | |
| Combination therapy | Prime-boost | Prime-boost vaccinations with Ad and other viral vectors |
| ICB, other drugs | Superior to self-replicating vector alone | |
| Process optimization | Vaccine dose | Optimization of applied dose |
| Route | Evaluation of administration route |
APCs: antibody-producing cells; taRNA: trans-amplifying RNA
KL is the sole author of the manuscript and contributed to: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
© The Author(s) 2023.