Exploration of Medicine

From: Self-replicating RNA viruses in vaccine development

Table 1. Examples of preclinical studies and clinical trials on vaccines developed for infectious diseases

Disease	Vector	Findings
CHIKV	MV-CHIKV	Protection against CHIKV challenges in macaques [63]
	MV-CHIKV	Seroconversion in 100% of volunteers in phase I [64]
	MV-CHIKV	Good safety, and strong immune responses in phase II [65]
EVD	VSV-EBOV-GP	Protection against two EBOV strains in macaques [66, 67]
	VSV-EBOV-GP	Good safety and tolerability in phase I volunteers [68]
	VSV-ZEBOV	High vaccine efficacy, and protection in phase III [69]
	VSV-ZEBOV	High vaccine efficacy in phase III volunteers [70]
	VSV-ZEBOV	Approval of ERVEBO® by the FDA and EMA [71]
ZIKV	MV-ZIKV-E	ZIKV-specific Abs, protection against ZIKV of mice fetus [72]
	MV-ZIKV-E	Despite the completion of phase I, no results are available [73]
	MV-ZIKV-RSP-E	Phase I study in progress [75]
	MV (TMV-083)	Th1-biased Ab and T cell responses in mice [76]
	MV (TMV-083)	Weak immune responses, phase I trial discontinued [77, 78]
COVID-19	VSV-SARS-CoV-2 S	Protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenges in mice [79]
	VSV (V590)	Weak immune responses, phase I trial discontinued [80, 81]
	VSVΔG-SARS-CoV-2 S	Protection against SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters [82]
	VSVΔG-SARS-CoV-2 S	Phase I/II study in progress [83]
	LNP-nCoVsaRNA	Strong SARS-CoV-2 specific Ab responses in mice [86]
	LNP-nCoVsaRNA	Safe but not 100% seroconversion in phase I [87]

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Ab: antibody; CHIKV: chikungunya virus; EBOV-GP: Ebola virus-glycoprotein; EMA: European Medicines Agency; EVD: Ebola virus disease; FDA: US Food and Drug Administration; LNP: lipid nanoparticle; LNP-nCoVsaRNA: LNP-VEE-SARS-CoV-2 S RNA; SARS-CoV-2 S: SARS-CoV-2 spike; ZEBOV: EBOV-Zaire strain

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KL is the sole author of the manuscript and contributed to: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.

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