Currently available drugs that target PD-1/PD-L1 pathway
| Drugs | Approved indication | Dosage | Route of administration | Side effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nivolumab (brand name “OPDIVO®”, fully human IgG4 mAb) | Metastatic NSCLC, metastatic melanoma, CHL, malignant pleural mesothelioma, RCC, HNSCC, urothelial carcinoma, HCC, esophageal cancer, dMMR, or MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and gastroesophageal junction cancer | For melanoma, RCC, HNSCC, NSCLC, urothelial carcinoma, CHL, esophageal cancer, and gastroesophageal junction cancer: every two weeks 240 mgPediatric patients with MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer: every two weeks 3 mg/kg | Intravenous (i.v.) | Back pain, blurred vision, change or loss of taste, depressed mood, cough, dry skin and hair, irregular heartbeat and pulse, loss of appetite, itching, nausea, muscle cramps and stiffness, red, irritated eyes, swelling, redness, the pain of the skin, weight gain, vomiting, chest pain, trouble sleeping, tenderness, bloody or cloudy urine, drowsiness, trouble breathing |
| Pembrolizumab (brand name “KEYTRUDA®”, humanized IgG4 mAb) | Metastatic NSCLC, Metastatic melanoma, urothelial carcinoma, esophageal cancer, PMBCL, HNSCC, MSI-H or dMMR cancer, HCC, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, CHL, RCC, MCC, endometrial carcinoma, TMB-H cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and CSCC | For adult metastatic melanoma patients: every 3 weeks 200 mgAdult patients with HNSCC, NSCLC, PMBCL, esophageal cancer, dMMR or MSI-H cancer, cervical cancer, TMB-H, HCC, urothelial carcinoma, MCC, CHL, CSCC: every 3 weeks 200 mg or every 6 weeks 400 mgPediatric patients with PMBCL, MSI-H or dMMR cancer, CHL, TMB-H, MCC: every 3 weeks 2 mg/kgPediatric melanoma patients: every 3 weeks 2 mg/kg | i.v. | Bladder pain, blurred vision, itching, swelling of the face, hands, arms, lower legs, or feet, loss of voice, body aches or pain, confusion, decreased appetite, cough, difficulty with breathing, depressed mood, dry mouth, feeling cold, joint or bone pain, painful or difficult urination, lower back or side pain, slow or fast heartbeat, stomach cramps, vomiting, weakness in the arms, yellow eyes or skin, sneezing, muscle weakness, trouble sleeping, severe or sudden headache, drowsiness |
| Cemiplimab (brand name “LIBTAYO®”, humanized IgG4 mAb) | Metastatic or locally advanced CSCC | Until illness development or toxicity, 350 mg once every three weeks | i.v. | Diarrhea, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, rash, nausea, constipation, pruritus, immune-mediated adverse reactions |
| Atezolizumab (brand name “TECENTRIQ®”, humanized IgG1 mAb) | SCLC, urothelial carcinoma, metastatic NSCLC, HCC, and melanoma | Every 3 weeks 1,200 mg | i.v | Nausea, lower back or side pain, difficulty in breathing, diarrhea, body aches or pain, slow and fast heartbeat, burning or painful urination, fever, stomach cramps, rapid weight gain, headache, unusual tiredness or weakness, vomiting, confusion, depressed mood, facial swelling, trouble sleeping, yellow eyes and skin, increased thirst, muscle pain, redness of the skin |
| Avelumab (brand name “BAVENCIO®”, fully human IgG1 mAb) | MCC, RCC, Metastatic urothelial carcinoma | 10 mg/kg every two weeks until the condition progresses or there is toxicity | i.v. | Headache, muscle, bone, or joint pain, nausea, constipation, tiredness, vomiting, and weight loss |
| Durvalumab (brand name “IMFINZI®”, humanized IgG1 mAb) | Metastatic urothelial carcinoma, NSCLC, SCLC | Every 2 weeks 10 mg/kg | i.v. | Bladder pain, fever, dry skin and hair, slowed heartbeat, tenderness, stomach cramps, bloody or cloudy urine, burning, or painful urination, rapid weight gain, chest pain, cough, difficult breathing, sweating, trouble sleeping, blurred vision, headache, chest tightness, pale skin, redness of the eye |
| Dostarlimab (brand name “JEMPERLI”, humanized IgG4 mAb) | dMMR endometrial cancer and dMMR solid tumours | Every 3 weeks 500 mg | i.v. | Bladder pain, burning or painful urination, feeling cold, constipation, hair loss, muscle cramps and stiffness, trouble breathing, weight gain, unusual tiredness or weakness, pale skin, chest pain or tightness, confusion, coma, cough, fever, diarrhea, headache, irritability, nausea, trouble sleeping, sweating, anxiety, change in vision, dry mouth, joint pain, drowsiness |
CSCC: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; MCC: Merkel cell carcinoma; MSI-H: microsatellite instability-high; PMBCL: primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma; TMB-H: tumour mutational burden-high cancer
