Table Info

Table 2.

Changes in hepatic vascular parameters reported in human NAFLD

Authors/Year/Country	Study type	Liver disease characteristics	Major findings
Balci et al. (2008) Turkey [27]	Prospective study of 140 patients with variable degree of ultrasound-proven steatosis	Steatosis No liver biopsy available	Venous pulsatility index and mean flow velocity inversely associated with degree of steatosis (P < 0.01)
Mendes et al. (2012) USA [15]	Retrospective study of 100 patients with PH identified from a cohort of 354 cases with biopsy-proven NAFLD	NAFLD with variable degree of fibrosis (F0, F1–2, F3, and F4: n = 27, 30, 13 and 30, respectively	23 patients with PH (varices, encephalopathy, ascites or splenomegaly) had no cirrhosis, including 12 patients with F2 or lesser fibrosis. Steatosis was more severe in those with PH
Hirooka et al. (2015) Japan [28]	Prospective study of 121 patients with histologically proven NAFLD	NAFLD with variable degree of fibrosis (F0 through F4,n= 41, 22, 19, 23, and 16, respectively)	Arterioportal flow ratio correlated with increasing stages of liver fibrosis in pair-wise comparisons (P < 0.001) including higher readings in some patients with F0 and F1
Francque et al. (2011) Belgium [30]	Prospective study of 50 patients with obesity and biopsy-proven NAFLD and HVPG measurement	Steatosis or steatohepatitis with variable degree of liver fibrosis including cirrhosis	PH (HVPG > 5 mmHg) was verified in 28% and correlated with the extent of steatosis (P = 0.016) but not with inflammation, ballooning or fibrosis
Vonghia et al. (2015) Belgium [29]	Prospective study of 40 patients with obesity undergoing transjugular liver biopsy and HVPG measurement	Steatosis (n = 12) and steatohepatitis (n = 28) without cirrhosis	PH (HVPG > 5 mmHg) was verified in 8 patients of this noncirrhotic cohort and found to be clinically significant in one case
Rodrigues et al. (2019) Switzerland [16]	Retrospective study of 157 patients with liver disease undergoing histological and liver hemodynamic evaluation	Liver disease of mixed etiology including 45 cases of NAFLD with variable degree of fibrosis or cirrhosis	HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg was found in 89 patients, including 14 cases (16%) without cirrhosis but presence of ballooning and lobular inflammation (NAFLD, n = 5)
Semmler et al. (2019) Austria [31]	Retrospective study of 261 patients undergoing HVPG measurement and liver fat was determined by histology as well as by controlled attenuation parameter	205 patients (78.5%) had cirrhosis of which 88 (33.7%) cases were associated with (non) alcoholic fatty liver disease	HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg was found in 191 patients (73.2%). Negative correlation was found between steatosis and HVPG at F2 fibrosis and higher, while no correlation was found with F0/F1 fibrosis. No subgroup analysis of NAFLD-only patients

PH: portal hypertension; F1: minimal fibrosis; F2: moderate fibrosis; F3: advanced fibrosis; F4: severe fibrosis

Declarations

Author contributions

GB contributed conception and design of the manuscript and wrote the first draft; MR and NS wrote sections of the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

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Copyright

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