From:  Polymer-based nanoparticles for cancer theranostics: advances, challenges, and future perspectives

 Summary of theranostic applications of polymer nanoparticles: current status, challenges, and future directions

AspectCurrent statusChallenge/LimitationFuture strategy/DirectionReference
Theranostic integrationPolymer nanoparticles integrate therapy and diagnosis.Balancing imaging and therapeutic components.Optimize multifunctional designs for personalized nanomedicine.[141144]
Controlled drug deliveryProvide sustained, targeted delivery and minimize systemic toxicity.Drug resistance and suboptimal drug accumulation at target site.Develop smart release platforms and improve targeting precision.[145147]
Real-time monitoring and feedbackEnables clinicians to track nanoparticle distribution and drug release dynamically.Need for high-resolution imaging and integration with therapeutic control.Design real-time feedback loops to adjust dosing based on live data.[152154]
Dosing accuracyIn vivo tracking supports dosing and reduces risk of under/over-treatment.Variation in patient-specific tumor microenvironments.Leverage diagnostic data for adaptive dosing protocols.[155, 156]
Enhanced efficacy with reduced side effectsMultifunctional systems improve specificity to cancer cells.Ensuring safe systemic circulation.Advance biocompatible coatings.[148151]