From:  The impact of polyphenol-rich dark fruits on pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

 Characteristics of included studies.

AuthorYearCountryStudy designN (total)Intervention arm age (mean ± SD)Intervention arm % femaleIntervention arm BMI (mean ± SD)OA type/Diagnostic criteriaDuration/Follow-up
Du et al. [66]2019USARandomized parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled6357.7 ± 1.872.7%32.1 ± 1.3Self-reported symptomatic knee OA16 weeks/no post-intervention follow-up reported
Basu et al. [67]2018USARandomized cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled; 2-week washout1757.0 ± 3.076.5%39.1 ± 1.5Radiographic mild-to-moderate bilateral primary knee OA (ACR)12 weeks per period; 2-week washout/no post-intervention follow-up reported
Schell et al. [68]2017USARandomized cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled; 2-week washout1757.0 ± 7.076.5%39.1 ± 1.5Radiographic mild-to-moderate bilateral primary knee OA (ACR)12 weeks per period; 2-week washout/no post-intervention follow-up reported
Schumacher et al. [69]2013USARandomized cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled; 1-week washout5856.7 ± 11.324.1%31.8 ± 6.2Mild-to-moderate knee OA; clinical ACR criteria; Kellgren grade 2–36 weeks per period; 1-week washout/no post-intervention follow-up reported
Kuehl et al. [70]2012USARandomized parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled2155.9 ± 9.1100.0%31.9 ± 6.7Inflammatory OA meeting 1990 ACR classification guidelines3 weeks/no post-intervention follow-up reported
Ghoochani et al. [71]2016IranRandomized controlled trial (parallel, no placebo)3956.7 ± 10.289.5%32.4 ± 4.5Knee OA according to ACR criteria; not requiring surgery6 weeks/no post-intervention follow-up reported
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Note. For cross-over trials (Basu et al. [67], Schell et al. [68], and Schumacher et al. [69]), participant characteristics are reported for the overall cohort because separate intervention-arm baseline values are not applicable. Duration refers to each treatment period; washout is stated in the Study Design cell. ACR: American College of Rheumatology.