Exploration of Digestive Diseases

Table 10. Hypothesis of diagnostic assessments based on the results of the breath test.

Result in 10 min	Conclusion	Result in 30 min	Conclusion	Final conclusion
–	No inflammation of the esophagus	–	Inactive H. pylori	If there are no complaints: normal.
–	No inflammation of the esophagus	–	Inactive H. pylori	If there are complaints: not associated with H. pylori.
–	No inflammation of the esophagus	+	Active H. pylori	The test is positive. Activity level by d, % (+, ++, +++).
+	Inflammation of the esophagus	–	Inactive H. pylori	Urease-producing bacteria, “Gram-negative”. H. pylori test is negative.
+	Inflammation of the esophagus	+	Active H. pylori	The test is positive. Activity level by d, % (+, ++, +++).

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The relative difference in the area of the figures, d, %, correlates with the classification of the degrees of contamination of the mucous membrane of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) based on the number of microbial bodies in the field of view: lack of activity (–), weak (+) is up to 20 microbial bodies; the average (++) is up to 40 microbial bodies; high (+++) is more than 40 microbial bodies.

Declarations

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the volunteers and clinical partners involved in the study for their participation and support.

Author contributions

TAK: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administration, Writing—review & editing. DM: Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. RU: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. AK: Resources, Data curation, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

This study involving human participants was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, approval number VSMU-2020-07.

Consent to participate

Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

This research was supported by internal grants of the Institute, and no external funding was received. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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