Exploration of Digestive Diseases

Table 1. Liver involvement in AL amyloidosis: clinical features, complications, and outcomes

Clinical aspect	Findings/characteristics
Prevalence of liver involvement	Observed in approximately 70% of symptomatic AL amyloidosis patients
Diagnosis criteria	Hepatomegaly, elevated alkaline phosphatase above 1.5N
Specific complications	Portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic failure, and rare spontaneous hepatic rupture
Investigations	Liver stiffness measurement (≥ 14.4–17.3 kPa)
Investigations	Liver biopsy, carefully, showing amyloid deposits
Prognosis	Generally good with recent treatments
Prognosis	High mortality with cardiac and hepatic failure
Treatment	Essentially, anti-plasma cell chemotherapy (e.g., daratumumab), emerging CAR-T cells, siRNA, and autologous transplant

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AL: amyloid light-chain; CAR-T: chimeric antigen receptor T; N: normal limit; siRNA: small interfering ribonucleic acid

Declarations

Acknowledgments

Al-Assisted Work Statement: During the preparation of this work, authors used the ChatGPT for organs illustration. After using the tool, authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Author contributions

PC: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. MDG, JA, AC, JFC, AJ, and VLR: Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

Jean-François Cadranel, who is the Guest Editor and Editorial Board Member of Exploration of Digestive Diseases, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. Other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

No ethical approval is required, as data were obtained from routine diagnostic procedures.

Consent to participate

No informed consent for participation is required, as data were obtained from routine diagnostic procedures.

Consent to publication

No informed consent for publication is required, as data were obtained from routine diagnostic procedures and do not contain patient-identifying information.

Availability of data and materials

The pathological images presented in this study are derived from the internal archives of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges and are not publicly available. Requests for accessing the datasets should be directed to the corresponding author.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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