From:  From cooperation to collapse: systemic failure in liver disease through a sociological lens

 List of ongoing pharmacotherapeutic agents in phase II–IV trials for MASH/MASLD

TargetAgentLatest phaseNCTSponsor
Nuclear receptor agonistsTHRβ agonistResmetiromFDA-approvedNCT04951219
NCT04197479
NCT05500222
NCT03900429
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals
VK2809Phase IINCT04173065
NCT02927184
Viking Therapeutics
ASC41NCT05462353FirstWord Pharma
TERN-501NCT05415722Terns Pharmaceuticals
PPARα/δ/γ agonistPioglitazonePhase IVNCT00994682University of Florida
IVA337 (Lanifibranor)Phase IIINCT04849728
NCT05232071
NCT03459079
Inventiva Pharma
ElafibranorNCT02704403
NCT03883607
NCT01694849
Genfit
SaroglitazarPhase IINCT03061721
NCT03863574
Zydus Therapeutics
PemafibrateNCT05327127
NCT03350165
Kowa Research Institute, Inc.
FXR agonistObeticholic acidPhase IIINCT02548351
NCT01265498
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
CilofexorPhase IINCT02854605Gilead Sciences
HPG1860NCT05338034Hepagene (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
TropifexorNCT02855164
NCT04147195
NCT03517540
Novartis Pharmaceuticals
TERN-101NCT04328077Terns, Inc.
MET409NCT04702490Metacrine, Inc.
CS0159NCT05591079Cascade Pharmaceuticals, Inc
GLP-1R agonistSemaglutideNCT04822181
NCT02970942
Novo Nordisk A/S
LiraglutideNCT01237119
NCT02654665
University of Birmingham
DulaglutidePhase IVNCT03648554Central Hospital, Nancy, France; Eli Lilly and Company
A3 adenosine receptor agonistNamodenosonPhase IIINCT02927314Can-Fite BioPharma
FGF mimeticsFGF21 analogueEfruxiferminPhase IIINCT06215716
NCT06161571
NCT03976401
NCT04767529
Akero Therapeutics
PegozaferminPhase IINCT03486912
NCT03486899
NCT03400163
NCT02413372
89bio
InhibitorsSCD-1 inhibitorAramcholPhase IIINCT04104321Galmed Research and Development
CCR2/CCR5 inhibitorCenicrivirocNCT03028740Tobira Therapeutics, Inc.
Galactin-3 inhibitorBelapectin (GR MD-02)NCT06035874Galectin Therapeutics
ASK1 inhibitorSelonsertibCTR20230344The First Hospital of Jilin University
ACC inhibitorGS-0976NCT02856555Gilead Sciences
MK-4074NCT01431521Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
FASN inhibitorDenifanstatNCT04906421Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
MPC inhibitorMSDC-0602KNCT02784444Cirius Therapeutics, Inc.
ACLY inhibitorBempedoic acidNCT06035874Medanta - The Medicity
BGT-002CTR20230344The First Hospital of Jilin University
Combination therapyACC inhibitor
DGAT2 inhibitor
PF-05221304
PF-06865571
Phase IIINCT04321031
NCT03248882
NCT03776175
Pfizer
ASK1 inhibitor
ACC inhibitor
FXR agonist
Selonsertib
Firsocostat
Cilofexor
NCT02781584Gilead Sciences
FXR agonist
HMGCR inhibitor
Obeticholic acid
Atorvastatin
NCT02633956Intercept Pharmaceuticals
FXR agonist
GLP-1R agonist
Cilofexor
Semaglutide
NCT03987074Gilead Sciences

MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; THRβ: thyroid hormone receptor β; PPARα/δ/γ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/δ/γ; FXR: farnesoid X receptor; GLP-1R: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; SCD-1: stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1; CCR2/CCR5: C-C chemokine receptor type 2/5; ASK1: apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FASN: fatty acid synthase; MPC: mitochondrial pyruvate carrier; ACLY: ATP-citrate lyase; DGAT2: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2; HMGCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase