Demographic, biochemical parameters and disease severity in decompensated cirrhotic patients with HRS
Variable
Control subjects(n = 40)
Decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis with HRS(n = 36)
p-value
Gender (M/F)
26/14
33/3
-
Age (Years)
37.65 ± 1.49
46.613 ± 1.74
< 0.0001
BMI (kg/M2)
25.90 ± 0.55
22.26 ± 0.39
< 0.0001
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
0.62 ± 0.05
9.63 ± 1.45
< 0.0001
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)
0.13 ± 0.01
5.63 ± 1.05
< 0.0001
Total protein (g/dL)
7.58 ± 0.07
5.92 ± 0.22
< 0.0001
Albumin (g/dL)
4.45 ± 0.11
2.11 ± 0.10
< 0.0001
Globulin (g/dL)
3.03 ± 0.06
3.82 ± 0.17
0.0002
ALT (IU/L)
27.30 ± 2.17
45.00 ± 4.46
0.0001
AST (IU/L)
24.28 ± 1.02
98.03 ± 14.63
< 0.0001
γGT (IU/L)
26.55 ± 2.20
82.64 ± 16.10
0.001
ALP (IU/L)
67.50 ± 2.74
131.4 ± 10.03
< 0.0001
Urea (mg/dL)
23.48 ± 0.98
81.97 ± 9.94
< 0.0001
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.79 ± 0.03
2.63 ± 0.23
< 0.0001
Sodium (mEq/L)
135.8 ± 0.43
128.1 ± 1.31
< 0.0001
Potassium (mEq/L)
4.19 ± 0.07
4.26 ± 0.13
NS
Chloride (mEq/L)
99.75 ± 0.30
99.31 ± 1.4
NS
PT (Sec)
14.63 ± 0.19
24.50 ± 2.04
< 0.0001
INR
1.08 ± 0.01
2.12 ± 0.17
< 0.0001
Child-Pugh score
-
12.1 ± 0.27
-
MELD score
-
28.28 ± 1.42
-
MELD-Na
-
28.28 ± 1.42
-
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Mann–Whitney test was performed, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. HRS: hepatorenal syndrome; BMI: body mass index; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; γGT: gamma-glutamyl transaminase; INR: international normalized ratio; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; PT: prothrombin time; NS: no significant difference between control subjects and HRS cases
Declarations
Author contributions
BV: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. RK: Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis. MW: Investigation, Supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study was reviewed and approved by the JIPMER scientific advisory committee and Institute Ethics Committee for human studies [JIP/IEC/2019/499].
Consent to participate
All patients were provided with informed written consent regarding the data collection and scientific publication.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The raw data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.
Funding
This work was supported by the JIPMER intramural research grant [Phase-I/2020-2021/MSc/23]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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