Exploration of Digestive Diseases

Table 2. Key drug-drug interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antiviral agents and clinically commonly used drugs [59, 60]

Class/MOA	Drugs	SOF	SOF/VEL	SOF/VEL/VOX
Antiretroviral drugs
NRTIs	Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
NRTIs	Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)
NNRTIs	Efavirenz
	Etravirine
	Nevirapine
Protease inhibitors	Atazanavir/ritonavir
	Atazanavir/cobicistat
	Darunavir/ritonavir
	Lopinavir/ritonavir
Entry/Integrase inhibitors	Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TDF
Entry/Integrase inhibitors	Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF
Lipid-lowering drugs
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors	Atorvastatin
	Bezafibrate
	Fenofibrate
	Fluvastatin
	Gemfibrozil
	Lovastatin
	Pitavastatin
	Pravastatin
	Rosuvastatin
	Simvastatin
Selective cholesterol adsorption inhibitor	Ezetimibe
Antihyperglycemic drugs
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists	Dulaglutide
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists	Liraglutide
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors	Empagliflozin
Central nervous system drugs
Antipsychotics	Paliperidone
Cardiovascular drugs
Antiarrhythmics	Amiodarone
Antiarrhythmics	Digoxin
Hypertension
β-adrenergic antagonist	Carvedilol
Calcium channel blockers	Diltiazem
Angiotensin II receptor blockers	Losartan
Angiotensin II receptor blockers	Enalapril
Immunosuppressants
	Cyclosporine
	Sirolimus
	Tacrolimus
	Everolimus
Antiplatelets and anticoagulants
Antiplatelets	Clopidogrel
	Dabigatran
	Ticagrelor
	Rivaroxaban
	Apixaban
	Edoxaban
Anticoagulants	Warfarin
Anticonvulsants
	Carbamazepine
	Clonazepam
	Eslicarbazepine
	Lorazepam
Sodium channel blockers	Oxcarbazepine
	Phenytoin
	Primidone
GABA potentiation	Phenobarbital
Gastrointestinal drugs
Gastrointestinal agents	Aluminium hydroxide
Gastrointestinal agents	Antacids
Anti-inflammatory agents
Aminosalicytates	Sulfasalazine
Histamine H2 receptor antagonist	Cimetidine
	Famotidine
	Ranitide
Proton pump inhibitors	Esomeprazole
	Lansoprazole
	Pantoprazole
	Rebeprazole

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HMG-CoA: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme; MOA: mechanism of action; NNRTIs: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NRTIs: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; SOF: sofosbuvir, NS5B-polymerase inhibitor; VEL: velpatasvir, 2nd generation of NS5A inhibitor; VOX: voxilaprevir, 2nd generation of protease inhibitor. Green: no clinically significant interaction expected; orange: potential interaction which may require a dosage adjustment, altered timing of administration or additional monitoring; red: these drugs should not be co-administered

Note. Adapted with permission from “EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C: Final update of the series” by European Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol. 2020;73:1170–218 (https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278(20)30548-1/fulltext). © 2020 European Association for the Study of the Liver.

Declarations

Author contributions

HX: Writing—review & editing. JG: Writing—review & editing, Investigation, Supervision.

Conflicts of interest

Prof. Jinsheng Guo who is a Guest Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This work was funded by the National Fund of Nature Science of P.R. China [91129705, 81070340] and Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program [09PJ1402600]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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