Table Info

Table 3.

Most representative drugs in different cholestatic phenotypes of liver damage

Acute cholestasis	Chronic cholestasis
Bland cholestasis	Cholestatic hepatitis	Autoimmune features	Vanishing bile duct syndrome	Secondary sclerosing cholestasis	Autoimmune features	Fibrosis/cirrhosis
AAS Herbs (tribulus) Warfarin Thiabendazole Oral contraceptives SARS-CoV-2 vaccines	NSAIDs Antiinfectives (amoxicillin-clavulanate, penicillins, macrolides, TMP-SMX, etc.) Statins Tricyclic antidepressants Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Azathioprine Eculizumab Cisplatin Herbs (Kratom, Ashwagandha)	Statins (atorvastatin) Nitrofurantoin SARS-CoV-2 vaccines	Antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanate, azithromycin, flucloxacillin, quinolones, etc.) NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac) Psychotropes (chlorpromazine, imipramine, carbamazepine, etc.)	Immunotherapy (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, etc.) Docetaxel Ketamine Atorvastatin	Nitrofurantoin	Chlorpromazine Nitrofurantoin

Acute cholestasis

Chronic cholestasis

Bland cholestasis

Cholestatic hepatitis

Autoimmune features

Vanishing bile duct syndrome

Secondary sclerosing cholestasis

Autoimmune features

Fibrosis/cirrhosis

AAS

Herbs (tribulus)

Warfarin

Thiabendazole

Oral contraceptives

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

NSAIDs

Antiinfectives (amoxicillin-clavulanate, penicillins, macrolides, TMP-SMX, etc.)

Statins

Tricyclic antidepressants

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Azathioprine

Eculizumab

Cisplatin

Herbs (Kratom, Ashwagandha)

Statins (atorvastatin)

Nitrofurantoin

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

Antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanate, azithromycin, flucloxacillin, quinolones, etc.)

NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac)

Psychotropes (chlorpromazine, imipramine, carbamazepine, etc.)

Immunotherapy (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, etc.)

Docetaxel

Ketamine

Atorvastatin

Nitrofurantoin

Chlorpromazine

Nitrofurantoin

Declarations

Author contributions

JMPB and JPTO equally contributed to: Conceptualization and Writing—original draft. RJA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, and Writing—review & editing. MGC: Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional—FEDER [FIS 21_01248, PI18/00901, UMA18-FEDERJA-193]. CIBERehd is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). All authors are members of the COST ACTION [CA-17112] Prospective European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), www.cost.eu. JMPB holds a Rio Hortega contract [CM21/00074] from ISCIII. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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