Single factor analysis for the risk factors of DILF
Variates
Severity
P value
Level ≤ 3
(n = 247; 76.7%)
Level ≥ 4
(n = 75; 23.3%)
Gender [n (%)]
Male
95 (38.5)
31 (41.3)
0.655
Female
152 (61.5)
44 (58.7)
Age [M (IQR)]
54 (42–64)
59 (50–67)
0.515
Clinical classification
Hepatocellular
133 (53.8)
50 (66.7)
< 0.001
Cholestatic
11 (4.5)
12 (16.0)
Mixed
14 (5.7)
4 (5.3)
Abnormal liver biochemical examination
89 (36.0)
9 (12.0)
Latency (days)
< 5
13 (5.3)
2 (2.7)
0.153
5–90
197 (79.7)
55 (73.3)
> 90
37 (15.0)
18 (24.0)
Comorbidities
Hypertension [n (%)]
Yes
71 (28.7)
19 (25.3)
0.564
No
176 (71.3)
56 (74.7)
Diabetes [n (%)]
Yes
14 (5.7)
5 (6.7)
0.781
No
233 (94.3)
70 (93.3)
Coronary heart disease [n (%)]
Yes
18 (7.3)
5 (6.7)
0.855
No
129 (92.7)
70 (93.3)
Gallbladder lesion [n (%)]
Yes
64 (25.9)
47 (62.7)
< 0.001
No
183 (74.1)
28 (37.3)
Fatty liver [n (%)]
Yes
65 (26.3)
20 (26.7)
0.952
No
182 (73.7)
55 (73.3)
Chronic hepatitis B [n (%)]
Yes
12 (4.9)
3 (4.0)
0.757
No
235 (95.1)
72 (96.0)
Malignant tumor [n (%)]
Yes
112 (45.3)
10 (13.3)
< 0.001
No
135 (54.7)
65 (86.7)
ANA [n (%)]
Negative
163 (66.0)
28 (37.3)
< 0.001
1:100
55 (22.3)
29 (38.7)
≥ 1:320
29 (11.7)
18 (24.0)
Categories of causative drugs
Drug categories [n (%)]
CM
98 (59.7)
58 (77.3)
< 0.001
WM
131 (53.0)
10 (13.3)
CM + WM
18 (7.3)
7 (9.3)
Laboratory parameters of liver function (at presentation) [M (IQR)]
TBIL
16.9 (8.7–53.8)
183.6 (122.4–259.3)
< 0.001
ALT
240 (78–974)
898 (330–1,452)
-
AST
173 (53–595)
753 (238–1,106)
-
ALP
110 (78–169)
174 (132–263)
-
GGT
104 (47–250)
193 (116–322)
< 0.001
PT
11.5 (10.8–12.3)
12.6 (11.6–15.5)
< 0.001
The variables with P < 0.05 in the above univariate analysis underwent multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that pre-existing gallbladder disease, clinical classification, initial TBIL, initial PT, and initial title of ANA were the independent risk factors for DILF (Table 4). M (IQR): median (interquartile range); n (%): number of cases (percentage); -: none
Declarations
Author contributions
QW: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, and Writing—original draft. LL: Methodology and Writing—review & editing. XZ and JY: Data curation, Writing—original draft, and Writing—review & editing. JG: Methodology, Writing—original draft and Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was approved by the ethical committee of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China. The study protocol conformed to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Informed consent to publication was obtained from relevant participants.
Availability of data and materials
All the citations and data included in this manuscript are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author.
Funding
This work was funded by the National Fund of Nature Science of P.R. China [91129705, 81070340] and Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program [09PJ1402600]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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