Exploration of Digestive Diseases

Table 2. Baseline and follow-up imaging of patients undergoing EUS-RFA.

Imaging time point	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4	Case 5
Baseline	CT scan: 50 mm lesion in segment II	MRI: 36 mm and 23 mm lesions in segment III; 21 mm lesion in segment VIII	CT scan: 53 mm intrahepatic lesion	CT scan: 23 mm caudate lesion	MRI: 12 mm and 32 mm lesions in the left liver lobe
Follow-up	CT scan (1 month): no progression	MRI (1 month): no progression	CT scan (4 months): no progression	CT scan (4 months): no progression	MRI (8 months): increase in size

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CT: computed tomography; EUS-RFA: endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

Declarations

Author contributions

CRAL: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SS: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. IH: Supervision, Validation. RAG: Supervision, Validation. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana, who is the Editorial Board Member and Guest Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This retrospective case series was approved by the Medistra Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee, Number: 221/K-LKJ/ETIK/VI/2025. The approval covered the retrospective review of medical records of patients with liver malignancies who underwent EUS-RFA, including hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal liver metastasis, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor liver metastasis. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

The requirement for individual consent was waived by the Ethics Committee because of the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data.

Consent to publication

The present study is a retrospective case series based on de-identified medical record data, and all CT and EUS images included in the manuscript are fully anonymized and do not contain identifiable patient information.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

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