JAK inhibitors with potential use in IBD.
| Drug | Target | Route of administration and doses | Clinical trial |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tofacitinib [70–72] | JAK1, 3 | Oral induction 10 mg BID; maintenance 5 mg BID (may increase to 10 mg BID in non-responders) | Phase III trials (OCTAVE Induction 1/2, Sustain, Open; RIVETING); FDA approved for UC |
| Filgotinib [73] | JAK1 | Oral 200 mg OD | Phase III, UC |
| Upadacitinib [74, 75] | JAK1 | Oral induction 45 mg OD; maintenance 15 mg or 30 mg OD | Phase III, FDA approved in 2022 for UC |
| Izencitinib (TD-1473) [76] | JAK 1, 2, 3, TYK2 | Oral gut specific 270 mg OD | Phase I, UC |
| Peficitinib (Smyraf) [77] | JAK 1, 2, 3, TYK2 | Oral 150 mg OD | Phase IIb, UC |
| Ritlecitinib (Litfulo) [78] | JAK3 | Oral 20 mg, 70 mg, or 200 mg OD | Phase II, umbrella study for UC |
| Brepocitinib [78] | TYK2, JAK1 | Oral 10 mg, 30 mg, or 60 mg OD | Phase II, umbrella study for UC |
| Deucravacitinib (Sotyktu) [79] | TYK2 | Oral 6 mg or 12 mg BID | Phase II, multiple immune-mediated disorders (including preclinical IBD models) |
| Ivarmacitinib [80] | JAK1 | Oral 4 mg OD, 4 mg BID, or 8 mg OD | Phase II, UC |
CD: Crohn’s disease; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; JAK: Janus kinase; TYK2: tyrosine kinase 2; UC: ulcerative colitis. Adapted from [21]. © 2023 by the authors. Distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
MTE: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MHH: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. YAA: Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. EAT: Methodology, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. GME: Data curation, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AAE: Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MDE: Data curation, Supervision, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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