Advantages and limitations of serum biomarkers.
| Advantages | Limitations |
|---|---|
| High reproducibility | Limited liver specificity |
| Widely available, inexpensive | Poor discrimination of intermediate fibrosis |
| Outpatient use | Lower accuracy than elastography for cirrhosis |
| Well validated | Proprietary assays are costly; influenced by hemolysis/inflammation |
We would like to thank Dr. Laura Fábrega for assistance with the preparation of Figure 1 with Biorender.
IB, JFC, JC, WD, RE, CGR, HJ, FK, AL, DAM, NMS, CM, HM, CR, PS, OT, and HTZ: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JCFC: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Ina Bergheim, Associate Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Jean Francois Cadranel, Editorial Board Member and Guest Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Jianguo Chen, Editorial Board member and Guest Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Wenxing Ding, Associate Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Robert Eferl, Editorial Board member of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Carmen Garcia-Ruiz, Editorial Board member of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Hartmut Jaeschke, Editorial Board member of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Amedeo Lonardo, Associate Editor and Guest Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Derek A. Mann, Associate Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Associate Editor and Guest Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Han Moshage, Associate Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Chiara Raggi, Editorial Board member and Guest Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Pavel Strnad, Editorial Board member of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Oren Tirosh, Associate Editor and Guest Editor of Exploration of Digestive Diseases; Jose C Fernandez-Checa, the Editor-in-Chief of Exploration of Digestive Diseases, had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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We acknowledge the support from the [PID2022-142956OB-100, PID2023-148803OB-100, and PID2025-173094OB-I00] from Plan Nacional de I+D funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and from the CIBEREHD; Plan Nacional sobre Drogas del Ministerio Sanidad, Gobierno de España; 2021 SGR 00491 de la Generalidad de Cataluña; as well as support from the National Cancer Institute [PO1 CA281819-01A1] from the NIH; and funding from the European Horizon’s research and innovation program HORIZON-HLTH-2022-STAYHLTH-02 under agreement [No 101095679] to JCFC.
Funding for this work was provided by grants from Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) [IG23117] to Prof. Chiara Raggi. Prof. Raggi is a member of the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENSCCA) and participates in the initiative EURO‐CHOLANGIO‐NET and Precision‐BTC‐Network granted by COST ACTION [CA18122, CA22125]. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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