AI: artificial intelligence; LASR: Levels of Autonomy in Surgical Robotics; LIAI2: Levels of Integration of Advanced Imaging and AI.
Declarations
Author contributions
HY: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. The author read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest or competing financial interests to disclose.
Ethical approval
As this is a narrative review of previously published literature and does not involve original human or animal research, ethical approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) was not required.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publication
Not applicable; this manuscript does not contain individual patient data or identifying information.
Availability of data and materials
No new datasets were generated or analyzed during the preparation of this narrative review. All information presented is derived from cited, publicly available literature.
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