Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy

From: Resolving a paradox: antidepressants, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration

Table 3. Evidence for possible pro-inflammatory activity of antidepressants

Data source	Mechanism	Drug(s) implicated
In vitro models	Increased production of IL-6 and TNF-α from macrophages [118]	Fluoxetine
Animal models	Increase in IL-2 and in CD8+ cell count over 3 weeks of treatment [119]	Fluoxetine
Human studies	Decrease in IL-4 over 6 months of treatment [114]	Nortriptyline, citalopram
	Decrease in IL-10 over 8 weeks of treatment [40]	Antidepressants in general
	Increase in NK and B cell counts over 1 year [120]	SSRIs
	Decrease in CD4+ cell counts over 8 weeks [121]	Venlafaxine
	Increased requirement for steroid therapy in UC [122]	Antidepressants in general
	Increased risk of microscopic colitis [123]	SSRIs

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RPR: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. The author has read and approved the submitted version.

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The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.

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